Cellular transcriptional response to zirconia-based implant materials

• Published in: Dental materials 2017-02, Vol.33 (2), p.241-255
• Main Authors: Altmann, Brigitte, Rabel, Kerstin, Kohal, Ralf J, Proksch, Susanne, Tomakidi, Pascal, Adolfsson, Erik, Bernsmann, Falk, Palmero, Paola, Fürderer, Tobias, Steinberg, Thorsten
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Advanced Basic Science; Alveolar bone osteoblasts; Biocompatibility; Biomarkers; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Bone growth; Bone healing; Bone matrix; Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Bone morphogenetic protein 3; Cbfa-1 protein; Ceria-stabilized zirconia; Collagen; Colony-stimulating factor; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental restorative materials; Dentistry; Fibroblasts; Gelatinase A; Gene expression; Gene Expression - drug effects; Gene profiling; Genes; Gingiva; Gingiva - cytology; Gingiva fibroblasts; Growth factors; Humans; Matrix; Osseointegration; Osteoblasts; Osteoblasts - metabolism; Osteocalcin; Periodontics; Polymerase chain reaction; R&D; Research & development; Surface Properties; Titanium; Topography; Transcription factors; Transforming growth factor-b1; Wound healing; Yttria-stabilized zirconia; Yttrium oxide; Zirconia; Zirconia composite; Zirconium; Zirconium dioxide
• ISSN: 0109-5641; 1879-0097; 1879-0097
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.12.005

Abstract Objective To adequately address clinically important issues such as osseointegration and soft tissue integration, we screened for the direct biological cell response by culturing human osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts on novel zirconia-based dental implant biomaterials and subjecting them to transcriptional analysis. Methods Biomaterials used for osteoblasts involved micro-roughened surfaces made of a new type of ceria-stabilized zirconia composite with two different topographies, zirconium dioxide, and yttria-stabilized zirconia (control). For fibroblasts smooth ceria- and yttria-stabilized zirconia surface were used. The expression of 90 issue-relevant genes was determined on mRNA transcription level by real-time PCR Array technology after growth periods of 1 and 7 days. Results Generally, modulation of gene transcription exhibited a dual dependence, first by time and second by the biomaterial, whereas biomaterial-triggered changes were predominantly caused by the biomaterials’ chemistry rather than surface topography. Per se, modulated genes assigned to regenerative tissue processes such as fracture healing and wound healing and in detail included colony stimulating factors ( CSF2 and CSF3 ), growth factors, which regulate bone matrix properties (e.g. BMP3 and TGFB1 ), osteogenic BMPs ( BMP2 / 4 / 6 / 7 ) and transcription factors ( RUNX2 and SP7 ), matrix collagens and osteocalcin, laminins as well as integrin ß1 and MMP-2. Significance With respect to the biomaterials under study, the screening showed that a new zirconia-based composite stabilized with ceria may be promising to provide clinically desired periodontal tissue integration. Moreover, by detecting biomarkers modulated in a time- and/or biomaterial-dependent manner, we identified candidate genes for the targeted analysis of cell-implant bioresponse during biomaterial research and development.