Legal Requirements and Wastewater Discharges to Polish Water Bodies, 1945–2003

The postwar development of water protection legislation and wastewater discharges is poorly known for the Baltic Sea region as a whole. This article presents national efforts to govern wastewater discharges in Poland using legal tools over the twentieth century with an emphasis on the postwar period...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ambio 2007-04, Vol.36 (2), p.220-228
Main Authors: Kowalik, Piotr, Laakkonen, Simo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Baltic States
Brackish
Civil law
Environmental history
Environmental impact
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Pollution - history
Environmental Pollution - legislation & jurisprudence
Environmental Pollution - prevention & control
Environmental protection
Environmental regulation
EU directives
European Union
Freshwater
Geography
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Industrial plants
Industrial Waste
Industrial wastewater
International agreements
Law
Legislation
Marine
Monitoring systems
Nitrogen
Nutrient removal
Phosphorus
Poland
Pollutants
Postwar reconstruction
River basins
River water
Rivers
Science and Management: Governance of a Common Sea
Seas
Surface water
Sustainable development
Waste Disposal, Fluid - history
Waste Disposal, Fluid - legislation & jurisprudence
Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods
Wastewater
Wastewater discharges
Wastewater treatment
Water pollution
Water protection
Water quality
Water treatment
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Description
Summary:The postwar development of water protection legislation and wastewater discharges is poorly known for the Baltic Sea region as a whole. This article presents national efforts to govern wastewater discharges in Poland using legal tools over the twentieth century with an emphasis on the postwar period, 1945–2003. The study also attempts to evaluate how the state authority responded to changing legal demands in terms of urban and industrial wastewater discharges in the postwar period. It outlines the main changes during the socialist regime in Poland and after it regained independence. Also the implications of Poland's integration into the European Union are briefly discussed. Mathematical calculations are used to illustrate some changes in legal requirements over time.
ISSN:0044-7447
1654-7209
1654-7209
DOI:10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[220:LRAWDT]2.0.CO;2