Adrenoceptor regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin in muscle and adipose tissue

A vital role of adrenoceptors in metabolism and energy balance has been well documented in the heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. It has been only recently demonstrated, however, that activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) makes a significant contribution to various metabo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of pharmacology 2019-07, Vol.176 (14), p.2433-2448
Main Authors: Chia, Ling Yeong, Evans, Bronwyn A., Mukaida, Saori, Bengtsson, Tore, Hutchinson, Dana S., Sato, Masaaki
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Adipose Tissue - drug effects
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Adrenergic beta-Agonists - pharmacology
Adrenergic receptors
Animals
Cell proliferation
Energy balance
Energy metabolism
Humans
Hypertrophy
Mitochondria
Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscles
Musculoskeletal system
Physiological responses
Physiology
Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Rapamycin
Receptors (physiology)
Review
Sirolimus - agonists
Sirolimus - metabolism
Skeletal muscle
Themed Section: Review
Therapeutic applications
TOR protein
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Summary:A vital role of adrenoceptors in metabolism and energy balance has been well documented in the heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. It has been only recently demonstrated, however, that activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) makes a significant contribution to various metabolic and physiological responses to adrenoceptor agonists. mTOR exists as two distinct complexes named mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) and has been shown to play a critical role in protein synthesis, cell proliferation, hypertrophy, mitochondrial function, and glucose uptake. This review will describe the physiological significance of mTORC1 and 2 as a novel paradigm of adrenoceptor signalling in the heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Understanding the detailed signalling cascades of adrenoceptors and how they regulate physiological responses is important for identifying new therapeutic targets and identifying novel therapeutic interventions. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors—New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc
ISSN:0007-1188
1476-5381
1476-5381
DOI:10.1111/bph.14616