Acid rain and air pollution: 50 years of progress in environmental science and policy

Because of its serious large-scale effects on ecosystems and its transboundary nature, acid rain received for a few decades at the end of the last century wide scientific and public interest, leading to coordinated policy actions in Europe and North America. Through these actions, in particular thos...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ambio 2020-04, Vol.49 (4), p.849-864
Main Authors: Grennfelt, Peringe, Engleryd, Anna, Forsius, Martin, Hov, Øystein, Rodhe, Henning, Cowling, Ellis
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acid Rain
Air Pollutants
Air Pollution
Atmospheric Sciences
Critical loads
Development policy
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecological monitoring
Ecology
Ecosystem
Ecosystem assessment
Ecosystems
Environment
Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Environmental impact
Environmental Management
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental policy
Environmental Science
Europe
Integrated assessment modelling
Monitoring
Nitrogen
North America
Physical Geography
Policy development
Policy making
Pollution
Pollution research
Pollution studies
Public concern
Public interest
Rain
REVIEW
Scientific research
Sulphur
Sustainable development
Transboundary pollution
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Summary:Because of its serious large-scale effects on ecosystems and its transboundary nature, acid rain received for a few decades at the end of the last century wide scientific and public interest, leading to coordinated policy actions in Europe and North America. Through these actions, in particular those under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, air emissions were substantially reduced, and ecosystem impacts decreased. Widespread scientific research, long-term monitoring, and integrated assessment modelling formed the basis for the policy agreements. In this paper, which is based on an international symposium organised to commemorate 50 years of successful integration of air pollution research and policy, we briefly describe the scientific findings that provided the foundation for the policy development. We also discuss important characteristics of the science–policy interactions, such as the critical loads concept and the large-scale ecosystem field studies. Finally, acid rain and air pollution are set in the context of future societal developments and needs, e.g. the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. We also highlight the need to maintain and develop supporting scientific infrastructures.
ISSN:0044-7447
1654-7209
1654-7209
DOI:10.1007/s13280-019-01244-4