Wind Profile Satellite Observation Requirements and Capabilities

• Published in: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2020-11, Vol.101 (11), p.E2005-E2021
• Main Authors: Stoffelen, Ad, Benedetti, Angela, Borde, Régis, Dabas, Alain, Flamant, Pierre, Forsythe, Mary, Hardesty, Mike, Isaksen, Lars, Källén, Erland, Körnich, Heiner, Lee, Tsengdar, Reitebuch, Oliver, Rennie, Michael, Riishøjgaard, Lars-Peter, Schyberg, Harald, Straume, Anne Grete, Vaughan, Michael
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerodynamics; Aerosols; Atmosphere; Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric dynamics; Atmospheric models; Climate change; Climate models; Clouds; Earth; Evolution; Humidity; Meteorology; Numerical weather forecasting; Observation techniques; Ocean, Atmosphere; Oceans; Precipitation; Satellite observation; Satellites; Sciences of the Universe; Southern Hemisphere; Stratosphere; Tropical environments; Turbulence; Vertical wind shear; Water vapor; Water vapour; Weather forecasting; Wind; Wind observation; Wind profiles; Wind shear
• ISSN: 0003-0007; 1520-0477; 1520-0477
• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-18-0202.1

The Aeolus mission objectives are to improve numerical weather prediction (NWP) and enhance the understanding and modeling of atmospheric dynamics on global and regional scale. Given the first successes of Aeolus in NWP, it is time to look forward to future vertical wind profiling capability to fulfill the rolling requirements in operational meteorology. Requirements for wind profiles and information on vertical wind shear are constantly evolving. The need for high-quality wind and profile information to capture and initialize small-amplitude, fast-evolving, and mesoscale dynamical structures increases, as the resolution of global NWP improved well into the 3D turbulence regime on horizontal scales smaller than 500 km. In addition, advanced requirements to describe the transport and dispersion of atmospheric constituents and better depict the circulation on climate scales are well recognized. Direct wind profile observations over the oceans, tropics, and Southern Hemisphere are not provided by the current global observing system. Looking to the future, most other wind observation techniques rely on cloud or regions of water vapor and are necessarily restricted in coverage. Therefore, after its full demonstration, an operational Aeolus-like follow-on mission obtaining globally distributed wind profiles in clear air by exploiting molecular scattering remains unique.