LC-MS/MS determination of antiretroviral drugs in influents and effluents from wastewater treatment plants in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

South Africa has the largest occurrence of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) in the world but has also implemented the largest antiretroviral (ARV) treatment programme. It was therefore of interest to determine the presence and concentrations of commonly used antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) and,...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2018-06, Vol.200, p.660-670
Main Authors: Abafe, Ovokeroye A., Späth, Jana, Fick, Jerker, Jansson, Stina, Buckley, Chris, Stark, Annegret, Pietruschka, Bjoern, Martincigh, Bice S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ARVDs
DEWATS
HIV-ARVs
LC-MS/MS
Matrix-effect
WWTPs
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:South Africa has the largest occurrence of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) in the world but has also implemented the largest antiretroviral (ARV) treatment programme. It was therefore of interest to determine the presence and concentrations of commonly used antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) and, also, to determine the capabilities of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for removing ARVDs. To this end, a surrogate standard based LC-MS/MS method was optimized and applied for the detection of thirteen ARVDs used in the treatment and management of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in two major and one modular WWTP in the eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The method was validated and the detection limits fell within the range of 2–20 ng L−1. The analytical recoveries for the ARVDs were mainly greater than 50% with acceptable relative standard deviations. The concentration values ranged from
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.105