Effects of auditory and tactile distraction in adults with low and high ADHD symptoms

• Published in: Journal of cognitive psychology (Hove, England) England), 2024-07, Vol.36 (5), p.645-656
• Main Authors: Elbe, Pia, Marsja, Erik, Sörman, Daniel, Vega-Mendoza, Mariana, Nyberg, Lars, Ljungberg, Jessica K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ADHD; Adults; attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; distraction; Psychology; Psykologi; sensory modalities
• ISSN: 2044-5911; 2044-592X; 2044-592X
• DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2024.2349331

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impact distraction by unexpected deviant sounds and vibrations. The hypothesis was a difference between individuals with low and high ADHD symptom severity in deviance distraction. In a cross-modal oddball task, we measured the impact of to-be-ignored deviating auditory and vibrotactile stimuli in 45 adults. No difference was observed between groups with low and high symptoms of ADHD in their propensity for distraction between modalities using both frequentist and Bayesian methods. The impact of the deviating sounds and vibrations on performance was similar between groups. However, the amount of missed trials, which possibly reflects mind wandering or attention away from the focal task, was higher in the high-symptom group. The findings indicate some differences in habituation across the duration of the task. The complexity of adult ADHD symptomatology, especially differences in attentional control is discussed.