Mitochondrial translation initiation machinery: conservation and diversification

The highly streamlined mitochondrial genome encodes almost exclusively a handful of transmembrane components of the respiratory chain complex. In order to ensure the correct assembly of the respiratory chain, the products of these genes must be produced in the correct stoichiometry and inserted into...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biochimie 2014-05, Vol.100 (100), p.132-140
Main Authors: Kuzmenko, Anton, Atkinson, Gemma C, Levitskii, Sergey, Zenkin, Nikolay, Tenson, Tanel, Hauryliuk, Vasili, Kamenski, Piotr
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Biological Evolution
Electron Transport - genetics
Humans
IF2
IF3
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - genetics
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mitochondrial Proteins - genetics
Mitochondrial Proteins - metabolism
Molecular Sequence Data
Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational
Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-2 - genetics
Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-2 - metabolism
Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3 - genetics
Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3 - metabolism
Pseudomonas - genetics
Pseudomonas - metabolism
Review
Ribosome
Ribosomes - genetics
Ribosomes - metabolism
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Translational activators
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Summary:The highly streamlined mitochondrial genome encodes almost exclusively a handful of transmembrane components of the respiratory chain complex. In order to ensure the correct assembly of the respiratory chain, the products of these genes must be produced in the correct stoichiometry and inserted into the membrane, posing a unique challenge to the mitochondrial translational system. In this review we describe the proteins orchestrating mitochondrial translation initiation: bacterial-like general initiation factors mIF2 and mIF3, as well as mitochondria-specific components - mRNA-specific translational activators and mRNA-nonspecific accessory initiation factors. We consider how the fast rate of evolution in these organelles has not only created a system that is divergent from that of its bacterial ancestors, but has led to a huge diversity in lineage specific mechanistic features of mitochondrial translation initiation among eukaryotes.
ISSN:0300-9084
1638-6183
1638-6183
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.024