Extensive polymorphism in the porcine Toll-like receptor 10 gene

• Published in: International journal of immunogenetics 2012-02, Vol.39 (1), p.68-76
• Main Authors: Bergman, I.-M., Edman, K., Ekdahl, K. N., Rosengren, K. J., Edfors, I.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino acids; Animals; Binding Sites; Biomedical Sciences; Biomedicinsk vetenskap; Crystal structure; Female; Gene clusters; Gene Frequency; Gene polymorphism; Genetic Carrier Screening; Haplotypes; Immunity; Interleukin 1 receptors; Male; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; Open Reading Frames; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Alignment; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Species Specificity; Swine - classification; Swine - genetics; Swine - immunology; TLR1 protein; TLR2 protein; Toll-Like Receptor 1 - genetics; Toll-Like Receptor 10 - genetics; Toll-Like Receptor 2 - genetics; Toll-Like Receptor 6 - genetics; Toll-like receptors
• ISSN: 1744-3121; 1744-313X; 1744-313X
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313X.2011.01057.x

Summary The great importance of the Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) in innate immunity is well established, but one family member – TLR10 – remains elusive. TLR10 is expressed in various tissues in several species, but its ligand is not known and its function is still poorly understood. The open reading frame of TLR10 was sequenced in 15 wild boars, representing three populations, and in 15 unrelated domestic pigs of Hampshire, Landrace and Large White origin. Amino acid positions corresponding to detected nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed in the crystal structures determined for the human TLR1–TLR2–lipopeptide complex and the human TLR10 Toll/Interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) dimer. SNP occurrence in wild boars and domestic pigs was compared, and haplotypes for the TLR10 gene and the TLR6‐1‐10 gene cluster were reconstructed. Despite the limited number of animals sequenced in the present study (N = 30), a larger number of SNPs were found in TLR10 than recently reported for TLR1, TLR6 and TLR2. Thirty‐three SNPs were detected, of which 20 were nonsynonymous. The relative frequency of nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) SNPs between wild boars and domestic pigs was higher in TLR10 than recently reported for TLR1, TLR6 and TLR2. However, the polymorphism reported in the present study seems to leave the function of the TLR10 molecule unaffected. Furthermore, no nonsynonymous SNPs were detected in the part of the gene corresponding to the hinge region of the receptor, probably reflecting rigorously acting functional constraint. The total number of SNPs and the number of nonsynonymous SNPs were significantly lower (P