Perceived pain extent is associated with disability, depression and self-efficacy in individuals with whiplash-associated disorders

Background Completion of a pain drawing is a familiar task in those presenting with whiplash‐associated disorders (WAD). Some people report pain almost over their entire body. Yet the reasons for larger pain extent have not been fully explored. Methods A novel method was applied to quantify pain ext...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of pain 2016-10, Vol.20 (9), p.1490-1501
Main Authors: Falla, D., Peolsson, A., Peterson, G., Ludvigsson, M.L., Soldini, E., Schneebeli, A., Barbero, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Anxiety - psychology
Catastrophization - psychology
Depression - psychology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Pain Measurement
Quality of Life
Self Efficacy
Sex Factors
Whiplash Injuries - diagnosis
Whiplash Injuries - psychology
Young Adult
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Summary:Background Completion of a pain drawing is a familiar task in those presenting with whiplash‐associated disorders (WAD). Some people report pain almost over their entire body. Yet the reasons for larger pain extent have not been fully explored. Methods A novel method was applied to quantify pain extent from the pain drawings of 205 individuals with chronic WAD. Pain extent was evaluated in relation to sex, age, educational level, insurance status and financial status. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to verify whether pain extent was associated with other health indicators including perceived pain and disability, health‐related quality of life, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression and self‐efficacy. Results Pain extent was influenced by sex (χ2:10.392, p 
ISSN:1090-3801
1532-2149
1532-2149
DOI:10.1002/ejp.873