Echocardiographic Risk Factors for Stroke and Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulated With Apixaban or Warfarin

• Published in: Stroke (1970) 2017-12, Vol.48 (12), p.3266-3273
• Main Authors: Vinereanu, Dragos, Lopes, Renato D, Mulder, Hillary, Gersh, Bernard J, Hanna, Michael, de Barros e Silva, Pedro G.M, Atar, Dan, Wallentin, Lars, Granger, Christopher B, Alexander, John H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Anticoagulants - adverse effects; Anticoagulants - therapeutic use; apixaban; atrial fibrillation; Atrial Fibrillation - complications; Atrial Fibrillation - drug therapy; Atrial Fibrillation - mortality; Brain Ischemia - epidemiology; Brain Ischemia - mortality; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality; Double-Blind Method; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction - complications; Myocardial Infarction - mortality; Plaque, Atherosclerotic - epidemiology; Plaque, Atherosclerotic - mortality; Pyrazoles - adverse effects; Pyrazoles - therapeutic use; Pyridones - adverse effects; Pyridones - therapeutic use; Risk Factors; Stroke - epidemiology; Stroke - etiology; Stroke - mortality; Thromboembolism - epidemiology; Treatment Outcome; warfarin; Warfarin - adverse effects; Warfarin - therapeutic use
• ISSN: 0039-2499; 1524-4628; 1524-4628
• DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.017574

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—Few data exist on the long-term outcomes of patients with spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), left atrial/left atrial appendage (LA/LAA) thrombus, and complex aortic plaque (CAP), in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulation. We explored the relationship between these 3 echocardiographic findings and clinical outcomes, and the comparative efficacy and safety of apixaban and warfarin for each finding. METHODS—Patients from the ARISTOTLE trial (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) with SEC, LA/LAA thrombus, or CAP diagnosed by either transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography were compared with patients with none of these findings on transesophageal echocardiography. RESULTS—A total of 1251 patients were included217 had SEC, 127 had LA/LAA thrombus, 241 had CAP, and 746 had none. The rates of stroke/systemic embolism were not significantly different among patients with and without these echocardiographic findings (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–3.60 for SEC; hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.23–6.86 for LA/LAA thrombus; hazard ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–6.85 for CAP). Rates of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death were also not different between patients with and without these findings. For patients with either SEC or CAP, there was no evidence of a differential effect of apixaban over warfarin. For patients with LA/LAA thrombus, there was also no significant interaction, with the exception of all-cause death and any bleeding where there was a greater benefit of apixaban compared with warfarin among patients with no LA/LAA thrombus. CONCLUSIONS—In anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation and risk factors for stroke, echocardiographic findings do not seem to add to the risk of thromboembolic events. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION—URLhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifierNCT00412984.