Magnetic Beads for Desalting of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates

• Published in: Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2020-07, Vol.92 (13), p.9001-9007
• Main Authors: Källsten, Malin, Ghorasaini, Mohan, Hartmann, Rafael, Lehmann, Fredrik, Bergquist, Jonas, Kovac, Lucia, Lind, Sara Bergström
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Antibodies, Monoclonal - chemistry; antibody-drug conjugates; Beads; Buffers; carboxylated magnetic beads; Chemistry; Chemistry with specialization in Analytical Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Conjugates; Desalination; desalting; Elution; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoconjugates - analysis; Immunoconjugates - chemistry; Ionization; Ions; Kemi med inriktning mot analytisk kemi; Magnetics; Mass spectra; Mass Spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Monoclonal antibodies; monoclonal antibody; Oligopeptides - chemistry; Quality control; Recovery; Reproducibility of Results; Salts; sample preparation; Solvents - chemistry; Trastuzumab - chemistry; Workflow
• ISSN: 0003-2700; 1520-6882; 1520-6882
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01106

Characterization of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) using mass spectrometry (MS) is important in drug discovery and formulation development and as part of the quality control processes. To facilitate electrospray ionization (ESI) and produce high-quality mass spectra, common components of storage solutions for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and ADCs, such as nonvolatile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), should be replaced before analysis. Centrifugal spin-type kits are extensively used for the desalting or buffer-exchange of mAbs and ADCs samples. The commercially available kits commonly require at least 100 μL of a sample at 1 mg/mL for optimal recovery. However, most ESI-MS based analyses require no more than 25 μg of protein for triplicate injection. In this study, we present a novel method for desalting of ADCs and mAbs building on the SP3 approach with nonfunctionalized carboxylate coated magnetic beads without affinity ligands. The analytes bind to the hydrophilic beads upon the addition of organic solvent, and various solutions of volatile salts or acids can be used in the elution step. The optimized protocol allowed for 88% recovery of ADC at a 25 μL sample volume and 90% recovery at 100 μL. More than 90% of the salts were removed using a process of 20 min. The intra- and interday precision showed little variation with an RSD of 1% and 2%, respectively. The compatibility of this new workflow with low sample volumes is highly valuable since a smaller fraction of the sample is wasted for analysis of the expensive analytes, without compromising recovery.