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A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown
In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (
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| Published in: | Atmospheric research 2022-10, Vol.276, p.106260, Article 106260 |
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| creator | Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon Nordin, Farah Hani |
| description | In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106260 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>elsevier_swepu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_swepub_primary_oai_DiVA_org_uu_480001</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0169809522002460</els_id><sourcerecordid>S0169809522002460</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-469f547d55ab12fd6e2748c55aae86ba5142fca4eb5336f8d21ced9ed856b93d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkN1KAzEQhYMoWKuvIHkAtybZJN3cWeovFERQb0N2k2xT201Jsi19e1NWvfVqmOGcw5wPgGuMJhhhfruaqLTxMZg4IYiQfOSEoxMwwtW0LEgl2CkYZaEoKiTYObiIcYUQYoiKEXibwZh6fYDewmbte10kX7TB952Ga9cuU-e6Ftq1iksToetccioZDesDtComuPUxn3YG1sGoL-333SU4s2odzdXPHIOPx4f3-XOxeH16mc8WRVNSkQrKhWV0qhlTNSZWc0OmtGryqkzFa8UwJbZR1NSsLLmtNMGN0cLoivFalLocg5shN-7Ntq_lNriNCgfplZP37nMmfWhl30ta5bI4y_kgb4KPGZb9M2AkjxzlSv5ylEeOcuCYjXeD0eQyO2eCjI0zXX7GBdMkqb37L-Ib-caBaw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown</title><source>ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad ; Ahmad, Mohd Riduan ; Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser ; Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab ; Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul ; Lu, Gaopeng ; Zhang, Hongbo ; Williams, Earle ; Cooray, Vernon ; Nordin, Farah Hani</creator><creatorcontrib>Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad ; Ahmad, Mohd Riduan ; Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser ; Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab ; Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul ; Lu, Gaopeng ; Zhang, Hongbo ; Williams, Earle ; Cooray, Vernon ; Nordin, Farah Hani</creatorcontrib><description>In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field (B-field), and very high frequency (VHF) sensors located at two observation stations (ST1 and ST2) 13.26 km apart. The key finding is that CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) while CG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) not preceded by a short VHF pulse. The VHF burst was a precursor for initiation of a narrow bipolar event (NBE)-like pulse and initial electric field changes (IECs). Based on the VHF interferometer map, the VHF sources of NBE-like pulses have been propagated upward predominantly vertical. The initiation altitude, total length of the VHF sources propagation, estimated velocity of NBE-like pulse for CG1 flash were 4.5 ± 0.5 km, 1.9–3.8 km, and 2.4 × 108 to 4.8 × 108 ms−1, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 5.1 ± 0.8 km, 0.2–3.0 km, and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1, respectively. It is evident that IECs process has been initiated during fast positive streamers propagation. It can be suggested that the IECs process resulted from charge transfer during a fast positive breakdown. The durations and magnitudes of IECs for CG1 flash were 248.5 μs and 27.97 V/m, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 265.8 μs and 2.31 V/m, respectively.
•CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst whileCG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst alone.•The VHF burst was precursor for the initiation of NBE-like pulse and IECs.•Total lengths of VHF sources vertical propagation were 1.9–3.8 km for CG1 and 0.2–3.0 km for CG2.•Estimated velocities were 2.4–4.8 × 108 ms−1 for CG1 and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1 for CG2.•The IECs process resulted from charge transfer during fast positive streamers breakdown.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0169-8095</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1873-2895</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2895</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106260</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Fast breakdown ; Initial breakdown pulse ; Initial electric field change ; Interferometer narrow bipolar event</subject><ispartof>Atmospheric research, 2022-10, Vol.276, p.106260, Article 106260</ispartof><rights>2022 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-469f547d55ab12fd6e2748c55aae86ba5142fca4eb5336f8d21ced9ed856b93d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-469f547d55ab12fd6e2748c55aae86ba5142fca4eb5336f8d21ced9ed856b93d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-480001$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Mohd Riduan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Gaopeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hongbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Earle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooray, Vernon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nordin, Farah Hani</creatorcontrib><title>A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown</title><title>Atmospheric research</title><description>In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field (B-field), and very high frequency (VHF) sensors located at two observation stations (ST1 and ST2) 13.26 km apart. The key finding is that CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) while CG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) not preceded by a short VHF pulse. The VHF burst was a precursor for initiation of a narrow bipolar event (NBE)-like pulse and initial electric field changes (IECs). Based on the VHF interferometer map, the VHF sources of NBE-like pulses have been propagated upward predominantly vertical. The initiation altitude, total length of the VHF sources propagation, estimated velocity of NBE-like pulse for CG1 flash were 4.5 ± 0.5 km, 1.9–3.8 km, and 2.4 × 108 to 4.8 × 108 ms−1, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 5.1 ± 0.8 km, 0.2–3.0 km, and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1, respectively. It is evident that IECs process has been initiated during fast positive streamers propagation. It can be suggested that the IECs process resulted from charge transfer during a fast positive breakdown. The durations and magnitudes of IECs for CG1 flash were 248.5 μs and 27.97 V/m, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 265.8 μs and 2.31 V/m, respectively.
•CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst whileCG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst alone.•The VHF burst was precursor for the initiation of NBE-like pulse and IECs.•Total lengths of VHF sources vertical propagation were 1.9–3.8 km for CG1 and 0.2–3.0 km for CG2.•Estimated velocities were 2.4–4.8 × 108 ms−1 for CG1 and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1 for CG2.•The IECs process resulted from charge transfer during fast positive streamers breakdown.</description><subject>Fast breakdown</subject><subject>Initial breakdown pulse</subject><subject>Initial electric field change</subject><subject>Interferometer narrow bipolar event</subject><issn>0169-8095</issn><issn>1873-2895</issn><issn>1873-2895</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkN1KAzEQhYMoWKuvIHkAtybZJN3cWeovFERQb0N2k2xT201Jsi19e1NWvfVqmOGcw5wPgGuMJhhhfruaqLTxMZg4IYiQfOSEoxMwwtW0LEgl2CkYZaEoKiTYObiIcYUQYoiKEXibwZh6fYDewmbte10kX7TB952Ga9cuU-e6Ftq1iksToetccioZDesDtComuPUxn3YG1sGoL-333SU4s2odzdXPHIOPx4f3-XOxeH16mc8WRVNSkQrKhWV0qhlTNSZWc0OmtGryqkzFa8UwJbZR1NSsLLmtNMGN0cLoivFalLocg5shN-7Ntq_lNriNCgfplZP37nMmfWhl30ta5bI4y_kgb4KPGZb9M2AkjxzlSv5ylEeOcuCYjXeD0eQyO2eCjI0zXX7GBdMkqb37L-Ib-caBaw</recordid><startdate>20221001</startdate><enddate>20221001</enddate><creator>Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad</creator><creator>Ahmad, Mohd Riduan</creator><creator>Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser</creator><creator>Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab</creator><creator>Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul</creator><creator>Lu, Gaopeng</creator><creator>Zhang, Hongbo</creator><creator>Williams, Earle</creator><creator>Cooray, Vernon</creator><creator>Nordin, Farah Hani</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>DF2</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20221001</creationdate><title>A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown</title><author>Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad ; Ahmad, Mohd Riduan ; Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser ; Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab ; Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul ; Lu, Gaopeng ; Zhang, Hongbo ; Williams, Earle ; Cooray, Vernon ; Nordin, Farah Hani</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-469f547d55ab12fd6e2748c55aae86ba5142fca4eb5336f8d21ced9ed856b93d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Fast breakdown</topic><topic>Initial breakdown pulse</topic><topic>Initial electric field change</topic><topic>Interferometer narrow bipolar event</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Mohd Riduan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Gaopeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hongbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Earle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooray, Vernon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nordin, Farah Hani</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Uppsala universitet</collection><jtitle>Atmospheric research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad</au><au>Ahmad, Mohd Riduan</au><au>Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser</au><au>Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab</au><au>Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Shamsul</au><au>Lu, Gaopeng</au><au>Zhang, Hongbo</au><au>Williams, Earle</au><au>Cooray, Vernon</au><au>Nordin, Farah Hani</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown</atitle><jtitle>Atmospheric research</jtitle><date>2022-10-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>276</volume><spage>106260</spage><pages>106260-</pages><artnum>106260</artnum><issn>0169-8095</issn><issn>1873-2895</issn><eissn>1873-2895</eissn><abstract>In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field (B-field), and very high frequency (VHF) sensors located at two observation stations (ST1 and ST2) 13.26 km apart. The key finding is that CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) while CG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) not preceded by a short VHF pulse. The VHF burst was a precursor for initiation of a narrow bipolar event (NBE)-like pulse and initial electric field changes (IECs). Based on the VHF interferometer map, the VHF sources of NBE-like pulses have been propagated upward predominantly vertical. The initiation altitude, total length of the VHF sources propagation, estimated velocity of NBE-like pulse for CG1 flash were 4.5 ± 0.5 km, 1.9–3.8 km, and 2.4 × 108 to 4.8 × 108 ms−1, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 5.1 ± 0.8 km, 0.2–3.0 km, and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1, respectively. It is evident that IECs process has been initiated during fast positive streamers propagation. It can be suggested that the IECs process resulted from charge transfer during a fast positive breakdown. The durations and magnitudes of IECs for CG1 flash were 248.5 μs and 27.97 V/m, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 265.8 μs and 2.31 V/m, respectively.
•CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst whileCG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst alone.•The VHF burst was precursor for the initiation of NBE-like pulse and IECs.•Total lengths of VHF sources vertical propagation were 1.9–3.8 km for CG1 and 0.2–3.0 km for CG2.•Estimated velocities were 2.4–4.8 × 108 ms−1 for CG1 and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1 for CG2.•The IECs process resulted from charge transfer during fast positive streamers breakdown.</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106260</doi></addata></record> |
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| source | ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Fast breakdown Initial breakdown pulse Initial electric field change Interferometer narrow bipolar event |
| title | A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown |
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