Mucosal inflammation and incidence of crestal bone loss among implant patients: a 10-year study

• Published in: Clinical oral implants research 2014-07, Vol.25 (7), p.791-796
• Main Authors: Cecchinato, Denis, Parpaiola, Andrea, Lindhe, Jan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 14-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; Alveolar Bone Loss - diagnostic imaging; Alveolar Bone Loss - epidemiology; clinical assessment; clinical trials; CLINICAL-RESEARCH; CONSENSUS REPORT; CYNOMOLGUS; Dental Implants; Dentistry; diagnosis; epidemiology; Female; Humans; Incidence; INDUCED MARGINAL INFLAMMATION; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; Male; Middle Aged; MONKEYS; Odontologi; OSSEOINTEGRATED IMPLANTS; PERI-IMPLANT; Peri-Implantitis - diagnostic imaging; Peri-Implantitis - epidemiology; Periodontal Index; Prevalence; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER; Prospective Studies; Radiography; Risk Factors; statistics
• ISSN: 0905-7161; 1600-0501
• DOI: 10.1111/clr.12209

Objective The objective of this prospective study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of marginal bone loss and, in addition, peri‐implantitis in subjects and implant sites after 10 years in function. Material and Methods One hundred and thirty‐three subjects with a total of 407 implants that had been in function for about 5 years attended a follow‐up visit in 2007 (visit 2; V2). 100 of the 133 subjects returned for a new clinical and radiographic examination in 2012 (visit 3; V3). The clinical examination included assessment of “bleeding on probing” (BoP+) and “probing pocket depth.” Subjects with implant sites that in the radiograph exhibited crater‐shaped marginal bone loss of >0.5 mm were identified as losers. Results During the interval between V2 and V3 (about 5 years), 13 implants in 7 subjects exhibited progressive bone loss and were removed. The overall amount of crestal bone loss that had occurred at the remaining implants between visit 1 (V1; ≥1 year of loading) and V3 (10 years) was small (0.36 ± 1.4 mm). The bone‐level reduction was twice as great between V2 and V3 as between V1 and V2. Forty subjects and 75 (26%) implant sites exhibited marginal bone loss of >0.5 mm between V1 and V3. In the interval between V2 and V3, 37 new implant sites lost significant amounts of bone. During the entire 10‐year period (V1–V3), 12% of patients and 5% of implants displayed signs of peri‐implantitis (bone loss >0.5 mm, BoP+, PPD ≥6 mm), while in the V2–V3 interval, the corresponding numbers were 10% (patients) and 4% (implant sites). Conclusion Sites with marginal bone loss of ≥1 mm were not common among implant patients. Peri‐implantitis occurred in about 10% of patients and 4% of implant sites.