Bifidobacteria or Fiber Protects against Diet-Induced Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucus Deterioration

• Published in: Cell host & microbe 2018-01, Vol.23 (1), p.27-40.e7
• Main Authors: Schroeder, Bjoern O., Birchenough, George M.H., Ståhlman, Marcus, Arike, Liisa, Johansson, Malin E.V., Hansson, Gunnar C., Bäckhed, Fredrik
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; bacterial symbiont; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium longum - metabolism; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Biokemi och molekylärbiologi; colon; Colon - microbiology; Colon - pathology; Diet, Western - adverse effects; Dietary Fiber - therapeutic use; Dietary Supplements; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; goblet cell; gut microbiota; induced obesity; innate immunity; Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology; Intestinal Mucosa - pathology; Inulin - therapeutic use; inulin-type fructans; Male; metabolic; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microbiology; microbiota; mucin; mucus; Obesity - pathology; oligofructose; Parasitology; susceptibility; syndrome; Virology; Western style diet
• ISSN: 1931-3128; 1934-6069; 1934-6069
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.11.004

Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the colonic mucus layer, a physical barrier that separates trillions of gut bacteria from the host. However, the interplay between a Western style diet (WSD), gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal mucus layer is less clear. Here we show that mice fed a WSD have an altered colonic microbiota composition that causes increased penetrability and a reduced growth rate of the inner mucus layer. Both barrier defects can be prevented by transplanting microbiota from chow-fed mice. In addition, we found that administration of Bifidobacterium longum was sufficient to restore mucus growth, whereas administration of the fiber inulin prevented increased mucus penetrability in WSD-fed mice. We hypothesize that the presence of distinct bacteria is crucial for proper mucus function. If confirmed in humans, these findings may help to better understand diseases with an affected mucus layer, such as ulcerative colitis. [Display omitted] •Western style diet impairs penetrability and growth of the colonic mucus layer in miceMucus defects are accompanied by distinct alterations in microbiota composition•Microbiota transplant from chow-fed mice prevents mucus aberrations in mice fed a WSD•Mucus aberrations can be prevented by Bifidobacterium longum and inulin treatment The inner colonic mucus layer separates gut bacteria from their host. Schroeder et al. now find that gut bacteria can mediate functional defects of the mucus layer of mice fed a Western style diet. The defects can be prevented by application of a probiotic bifidobacteria or the prebiotic fiber inulin.