Gut Microbiota-Dependent Modulation of Energy Metabolism

The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental factor that modulates the host's energy balance. It increases the host's ability to harvest energy from the digested food, and produces metabolites and microbial products such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and lipopolys...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of innate immunity 2018-01, Vol.10 (3), p.163-171
Main Authors: Heiss, Christina N., Olofsson, Louise E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1984
american journal of clinical nutrition
Animals
brain
chain fatty-acids
diet-induced obesity
Energy balance
Energy Metabolism
Gastroenterologi
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
germ-free mice
gpr41
Humans
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus - metabolism
Hypothalamus - physiology
Immunology
inflammation
Leptin
Leptin - metabolism
mechanisms
Metabolites
Microbial products
Microbiota
neil ni
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Obesity - microbiology
p338
protein-coupled receptor
Review
Review Article
Secondary bile acids
serotonin
Short-chain fatty acids
Signal Transduction
Symbiosis
v39
weight-loss
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Summary:The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental factor that modulates the host's energy balance. It increases the host's ability to harvest energy from the digested food, and produces metabolites and microbial products such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. These metabolites and microbial products act as signaling molecules that modulate appetite, gut motility, energy uptake and storage, and energy expenditure. Several findings suggest that the gut microbiota can affect the development of obesity. Germ-free mice are leaner than conventionally raised mice and they are protected against diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, obese humans and rodents have an altered gut microbiota composition with less phylogeneic diversity compared to lean controls, and transplantation of the gut microbiota from obese subjects to germ-free mice can transfer the obese phenotype. Taken together, these findings indicate a role for the gut microbiota in obesity and suggest that the gut microbiota could be targeted to improve metabolic diseases like obesity. This review focuses on the role of the gut microbiota in energy balance regulation and its potential role in obesity.
ISSN:1662-811X
1662-8128
DOI:10.1159/000481519