Rapid Changes in Anthropogenic Carbon Storage and Ocean Acidification in the Intermediate Layers of the Eurasian Arctic Ocean: 1996–2015

• Published in: Global biogeochemical cycles 2018-09, Vol.32 (9), p.1254-1275
• Main Authors: Ulfsbo, Adam, Jones, Elizabeth M., Casacuberta, Núria, Korhonen, Meri, Rabe, Benjamin, Karcher, Michael, Heuven, Steven M.A.C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 1979; Acidification; Amundsen; Amundsen Basin; anthropogenic carbon; Anthropogenic factors; aragonite undersaturation; Arctic Ocean; atlantic-ocean; Basins; Boundary currents; Calcium; Calcium carbonate; Calcium carbonates; Carbon; Carbon capture and storage; Carbon sequestration; Carbonates; Computer simulation; cresol purple; Cruises; Desaturation; dissolved inorganic carbon; en gt; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Eurasian Basin; fresh-water; Geology; LARSTERN cruise PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3); Meteorology & Atmospheric; Miljövetenskap; Nansen Basin; nature; northeast pacific; Occupations; Ocean acidification; Oceanografi, hydrologi, vattenresurser; Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources; Oceans; p205; Sciences; sea-ice melt; seawater ph measurements; surface-water; time-series; Tracers; v277; Ventilation
• ISSN: 0886-6236; 1944-9224
• DOI: 10.1029/2017GB005738

The extended multiple linear regression technique is used to determine changes in anthropogenic carbon in the intermediate layers of the Eurasian Basin based on occupations from four cruises between 1996 and 2015. The results show a significant increase in basin‐wide anthropogenic carbon storage in the Nansen Basin (0.44–0.73 ± 0.14 mol C·m−2·year−1) and the Amundsen Basin (0.63–1.04 ± 0.09 mol C·m−2·year−1). Over the last two decades, inferred changes in ocean acidification (0.020–0.055 pH units) and calcium carbonate desaturation (0.05–0.18 units) are pronounced and rapid. These results, together with results from carbonate‐dynamic box model simulations and 129I tracer distribution simulations, suggest that the accumulation of anthropogenic carbon in the intermediate layers of the Eurasian Basin are consistent with increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon in source waters of Atlantic origin entering the Arctic Ocean followed by interior transport. The dissimilar distributions of anthropogenic carbon in the interior Nansen and Amundsen Basins are likely due to differences in the lateral ventilation of the intermediate layers by the return flows and ramifications of the boundary current along the topographic boundaries in the Eurasian Basin. Key Points Rapid decadal accumulation of basin‐wide anthropogenic carbon in the Arctic and intermediate layers of the Nansen and Amundsen Basins The pH in the upper layers has decreased by 0.0021 ± 0.0004 per year in the Eurasian Basin Tracer data and model simulations suggest that Cant accumulation is likely driven by Atlantic source waters, followed by interior transport