A reversal in global terrestrial stilling and its implications for wind energy production

• Published in: Nature climate change 2019-12, Vol.9 (12), p.979-985
• Main Authors: Zeng, Zhenzhong, Ziegler, Alan D., Searchinger, Timothy, Yang, Long, Chen, Anping, Ju, Kunlu, Piao, Shilong, Li, Laurent Z. X., Ciais, Philippe, Chen, Deliang, Liu, Junguo, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Chappell, Adrian, Medvigy, David, Wood, Eric F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 704/106/694; 704/172; Alternative energy sources; atlantic; Atmosphere; Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics; Atmospheric oscillations; Capacity factor; china; Climate Change; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; Climatology; earth; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth and Related Environmental Sciences; Earth Sciences; Energy; Environment; Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap; Global winds; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; northern-hemisphere; Oceans; Optimization; Oscillations; Physics; Renewable energy; Sciences of the Universe; speed trends; Surface wind; Turbine engines; Turbines; Urbanization; variability; Vegetation growth; Wind data; Wind power; Wind speed
• ISSN: 1758-678X; 1758-6798
• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0622-6

Wind power, a rapidly growing alternative energy source, has been threatened by reductions in global average surface wind speed, which have been occurring over land since the 1980s, a phenomenon known as global terrestrial stilling. Here, we use wind data from in situ stations worldwide to show that the stilling reversed around 2010 and that global wind speeds over land have recovered. We illustrate that decadal-scale variations of near-surface wind are probably determined by internal decadal ocean–atmosphere oscillations, rather than by vegetation growth and/or urbanization as hypothesized previously. The strengthening has increased potential wind energy by 17 ± 2% for 2010 to 2017, boosting the US wind power capacity factor by ~2.5% and explains half the increase in the US wind capacity factor since 2010. In the longer term, the use of ocean–atmosphere oscillations to anticipate future wind speeds could allow optimization of turbines for expected speeds during their productive life spans. Wind speeds have reduced globally over land since the 1980s. In situ data show that this reversed around 2010, with natural ocean–atmosphere variability thought to drive the wind speed changes, as well as a 17% increase in potential wind energy for 2010–2017 and a boosted wind power capacity factor.