After All This Time? The Impact of Media and Authoritarian History on Political News Coverage in Twelve Western Countries

• Published in: Journal of communication 2020-10, Vol.70 (5), p.744-767
• Main Authors: de Leeuw, Sjifra E, Azrout, Rachid, Rekker, Roderik S B, Van Spanje, Joost H P
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Authoritarian Legacies; Communication Studies; Comparative Research; Kommunikationsvetenskap; Media Systems; Models of Journalism; Political Science; Statsvetenskap; Systematic Content Analysis
• ISSN: 0021-9916; 1460-2466; 1460-2466
• DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqaa029

Historical classifications of journalistic traditions are the backbone of comparative explanations for political news coverage. This study assesses the validity of the dominant media systems framework and proposes and tests a novel framework, which states that a history of authoritarianism affects today’s coverage. To facilitate a clean cross-national comparison, we focus on the same person and measurement in 12 Western democracies, that is, the use of the pejorative terms “sexist,” “racist,” “dictator,” and equivalents to describe Donald Trump. Our manually validated automated content analysis (2016–2018; N = 27,830) shows that content varies along with countries’ media and authoritarian history: pejoration is more common in countries with a polarized pluralist media system and former authoritarian countries than elsewhere. Newspapers’ ideology does not matter, irrespective of countries’ level of political parallelism or experiences with authoritarianism. Combined, we provide new methodological and theoretical handles to further comparative communication research in Western democracies.