Stimulation of Osteoclast Formation by Oncostatin M and the Role of WNT16 as a Negative Feedback Regulator

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2022-03, Vol.23 (6), p.3287
• Main Authors: de Souza, Pedro P C, Henning, Petra, Lerner, Ulf H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Biokemi och molekylärbiologi; Biomedical materials; Bone growth; Bone marrow; Bone mass; Bone remodeling; bone resorption; bone-formation; Cancellous bone; Cell culture; Cell Differentiation; Cell membranes; Cells (biology); Chemistry; ciliary neurotrophic factor; crystal-structure; Cytokines; Dendritic cells; Expression vectors; Feedback; Feedback loops; Gene deletion; Hydroxyapatite; Interleukin 6; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; jak-tyk; kappa-b ligand; Kinases; leukemia-inhibitory factor; MAP kinase; Mice; Mineralization; Negative feedback; Nodules; nuclear-factor; Oncostatin M; Oncostatin M - metabolism; OSM; Osteoblastogenesis; Osteoblasts; Osteoblasts - metabolism; osteoclast; Osteoclastogenesis; Osteoclasts; Osteoclasts - metabolism; Osteogenesis; Osteoprogenitor cells; Paracrine signalling; phase response factor/stat3; Physiology; Progenitor cells; Proteins; RANK Ligand - metabolism; RANKL; receptor-activator; Review; signal transducer gp130; Signal transduction; Stimulation; Stimulators; TRANCE protein; Transcription factors; Wnt Proteins - metabolism; WNT16
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063287

Oncostatin M (OSM), which belongs to the IL-6 family of cytokines, is the most potent and effective stimulator of osteoclast formation in this family, as assessed by different in vitro assays. Osteoclastogenesis induced by the IL-6 type of cytokines is mediated by the induction and paracrine stimulation of the osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL), expressed on osteoblast cell membranes and targeting the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANK) on osteoclast progenitor cells. The potent effect of OSM on osteoclastogenesis is due to an unusually robust induction of RANKL in osteoblasts through the OSM receptor (OSMR), mediated by a JAK-STAT/MAPK signaling pathway and by unique recruitment of the adapter protein Shc1 to the OSMR. Gene deletion of in mice results in decreased numbers of osteoclasts and enhanced trabecular bone caused by increased trabecular thickness, indicating that OSM may play a role in physiological regulation of bone remodeling. However, increased amounts of OSM, either through administration of recombinant protein or of adenoviral vectors expressing , results in enhanced bone mass due to increased bone formation without any clear sign of increased osteoclast numbers, a finding which can be reconciled by cell culture experiments demonstrating that OSM can induce osteoblast differentiation and stimulate mineralization of bone nodules in such cultures. Thus, in vitro studies and gene deletion experiments show that OSM is a stimulator of osteoclast formation, whereas administration of OSM to mice shows that OSM is not a strong stimulator of osteoclastogenesis in vivo when administered to adult animals. These observations could be explained by our recent finding showing that OSM is a potent stimulator of the osteoclastogenesis inhibitor WNT16, acting in a negative feedback loop to reduce OSM-induced osteoclast formation.