A Vitamin D, Calcium and Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Nutritional Supplement Improves Measures of Bone Health in Sarcopenic Non-Malnourished Older Adults: The PROVIDE Study

• Published in: Calcified tissue international 2019-10, Vol.105 (4), p.383-391
• Main Authors: Hill, Tom R., Verlaan, Sjors, Biesheuvel, Egbert, Eastell, Richard, Bauer, Jürgen M., Bautmans, Ivan, Brandt, Kirsten, Donini, Lorenzo M., Maggio, Marcello, Mets, Tony, Seal, Chris J., Wijers, Sander LJ, Sieber, Cornel, Cederholm, Tommy, Aspray, Terry J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Aged; Aging - physiology; Biochemical markers; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; BMD; Bone and Bones - drug effects; Bone and Bones - metabolism; Bone Density - drug effects; Bone Density - physiology; Bone growth; Bone mineral density; Bone resorption; Bone strength; Bone turnover; Calcium; Calcium - metabolism; Calcium - pharmacology; Cell Biology; Collagen; Cross-linking; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Endocrinology; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin-like growth factor I; Intervention; Leucine; Leucine - metabolism; Leucine - pharmacology; Life Sciences; Male; Malnutrition; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Micronutrients; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength - drug effects; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Musculoskeletal system; Older people; Original Research; Orthopedics; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Parathyroid; Parathyroid hormone; Procollagen; Proteins; PROVIDE Study; Sarcopenia; Skeletal muscle; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - metabolism; Vitamin D - pharmacology; Whey protein; Whey Proteins - pharmacology
• ISSN: 0171-967X; 1432-0827; 1432-0827
• DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00581-6

Alterations in musculoskeletal health with advanced age contribute to sarcopenia and decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength. This decline may be modifiable via dietary supplementation. To test the hypothesis that a specific oral nutritional supplement can result in improvements in measures of bone health. Participants ( n 380) were participants of the PROVIDE study, a 13-week, multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, 2 parallel-group study among non-malnourished older participants (≥ 65 years) with sarcopenia [determined by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; 0-12) scores between 4 and 9, and a low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI; skeletal muscle mass/BW × 100) ≤ 37% in men and ≤ 28% in women using bioelectric impedance analysis] Supplementation of a vitamin D, calcium and leucine-enriched whey protein drink that comprises a full range of micronutrients (active; 2/day) was compared with an iso-caloric control. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin; OC, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide; P1NP) and resorption (carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks; CTX), insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and total-body BMD were analysed pre- and post-intervention. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased from 51.1 ± 22.9 nmol/L (mean ± SD) to 78.9 ± 21.1 nmol/L in the active group ( p