Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Insured Swedish Cats in Relation to Age, Breed and Sex

• Published in: Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2015-09, Vol.29 (5), p.1342-1347
• Main Authors: Öhlund, M., Fall, T., Ström Holst, B., Hansson‐Hamlin, H., Bonnett, B., Egenvall, A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age Factors; Animals; Burmese; Cat Diseases - epidemiology; Cat Diseases - etiology; Cats; Clinical Science; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - veterinary; Epidemiology; Feline; Female; Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi; Incidence; Insurance Claim Review; Klinisk vetenskap; Male; Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; SMALL ANIMAL; Species Specificity; Sweden - epidemiology; Type 2 diabetes
• ISSN: 0891-6640; 1939-1676; 1939-1676
• DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13584

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy in cats. Most affected cats suffer from a type of diabetes similar to type 2 diabetes in humans. An increasing prevalence has been described in cats, as in humans, related to obesity and other lifestyle factors. OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence of DM in insured Swedish cats and the association of DM with demographic risk factors, such as age, breed and sex. ANIMALS: A cohort of 504,688 individual cats accounting for 1,229,699 cat‐years at risk (CYAR) insured by a Swedish insurance company from 2009 to 2013. METHODS: We used reimbursed insurance claims for the diagnosis of DM. Overall incidence rates and incidence rates stratified on year, age, breed, and sex were estimated. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of DM in the cohort was 11.6 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0–12.2) per 10,000 CYAR. Male cats had twice as high incidence rate (15.4; 95% CI, 14.4–16.4) as females (7.6; 95% CI, 6.9–8.3). Domestic cats were at higher risk compared to purebred cats. A significant association with breed was seen, with the Burmese, Russian Blue, Norwegian Forest cat, and Abyssinian breeds at a higher risk compared to other cats. No sex predisposition was found among Burmese cats. Several breeds with a lower risk of DM were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Our results verify that the Burmese breed is at increased risk of developing DM. We also identified several previously unreported breeds with increased or decreased risk of DM.