Regenerating the field of cardiovascular cell therapy

• Published in: Nature biotechnology 2019-03, Vol.37 (3), p.232-237
• Main Authors: Chien, Kenneth R., Frisén, Jonas, Fritsche-Danielson, Regina, Melton, Douglas A., Murry, Charles E., Weissman, Irving L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/136; 631/532; 631/80; 692/308; 706/648; Agriculture; Analysis; Bioinformatics; Biology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Blood; Bone marrow; Bone Marrow Cells - cytology; Bone Marrow Transplantation - methods; Cardiac muscle; Cardiovascular research; Cell Transdifferentiation - genetics; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Chronology; Funding; Heart; Heart - growth & development; Heart - physiopathology; Heart cells; Humans; Life Sciences; Management; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Medicine; Muscle regeneration; Muscles; Myocardium; Myocardium - cytology; Myocardium - metabolism; Perspective; Physicians; Regeneration; Regeneration - genetics; Stem Cell Transplantation - trends; Stem cells; Transplants & implants
• ISSN: 1087-0156; 1546-1696; 1546-1696
• DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0042-1

The retraction of >30 falsified studies by Anversa et al. has had a disheartening impact on the cardiac cell therapeutics field. The premise of heart muscle regeneration by the transdifferentiation of bone marrow cells or putative adult resident cardiac progenitors has been largely disproven. Over the past 18 years, a generation of physicians and scientists has lost years chasing these studies, and patients have been placed at risk with little scientific grounding. Funding agencies invested hundreds of millions of dollars in irreproducible work, and both academic institutions and the scientific community ignored troubling signals over a decade of questionable work. Our collective retrospective analysis identifies preventable problems at the level of the editorial and peer-review process, funding agencies and academic institutions. This Perspective provides a chronology of the forces that led to this scientific debacle, integrating direct knowledge of the process. We suggest a science-driven path forward that includes multiple novel approaches to the problem of heart muscle regeneration. Chien et al. reflect on lessons learned following the recent announcement that 31 papers from the Anversa laboratory on cardiac cell therapy are being retracted.