Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Decades of research show that genes play an vital role in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its comorbidity with other disorders. Family, twin, and adoption studies show that ADHD runs in families. ADHD’s high heritability of 74% motivated the search for ADHD suscep...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular psychiatry 2019-04, Vol.24 (4), p.562-575
Main Authors: Faraone, Stephen V., Larsson, Henrik
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - etiology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - genetics
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - metabolism
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Behavioral Sciences
Biological Psychology
Comorbidity
Copy number
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Development and progression
Disease susceptibility
DNA
DNA Copy Number Variations
Etiology
Etiology (Medicine)
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic Linkage
Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics
Genetic research
Genetics
Genome-wide association studies
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomes
Genomics
Heritability
Humans
Hyperactivity
Medical research
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Molecular genetics
Multifactorial Inheritance - genetics
Neurosciences
Pharmacotherapy
Psychiatry
Review
Review Article
Risk factors
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Summary:Decades of research show that genes play an vital role in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its comorbidity with other disorders. Family, twin, and adoption studies show that ADHD runs in families. ADHD’s high heritability of 74% motivated the search for ADHD susceptibility genes. Genetic linkage studies show that the effects of DNA risk variants on ADHD must, individually, be very small. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated several genetic loci at the genome-wide level of statistical significance. These studies also show that about a third of ADHD’s heritability is due to a polygenic component comprising many common variants each having small effects. From studies of copy number variants we have also learned that the rare insertions or deletions account for part of ADHD’s heritability. These findings have implicated new biological pathways that may eventually have implications for treatment development.
ISSN:1359-4184
1476-5578
1476-5578
DOI:10.1038/s41380-018-0070-0