Beyond the critical point: An overview of excitotoxicity, calcium overload and the downstream consequences

•The review gives an overview of glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity in ischemia.•The review describes Ca2+ overload and the consequent activation of calpains.•The review discusses the importance of plasmamembrane Ca2+ transporters in glutamate-mediated Ca2+ overload. Over the past several decades, an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuroscience letters 2018-01, Vol.663, p.79-85
Main Authors: Bano, Daniele, Ankarcrona, Maria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Calcium
Calcium - metabolism
Calpain - metabolism
Calpains
Excitotoxicity
Humans
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Mitochondria
Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX)
Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism
Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology
Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases - metabolism
Sodium-Calcium Exchanger - metabolism
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Summary:•The review gives an overview of glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity in ischemia.•The review describes Ca2+ overload and the consequent activation of calpains.•The review discusses the importance of plasmamembrane Ca2+ transporters in glutamate-mediated Ca2+ overload. Over the past several decades, an overwhelming body of research has greatly expanded our understanding of the mechanisms underlying excitotoxicity in brain ischemia as well as in many chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The identification of an array of molecular targets has opened avenues for neuroprotective strategies and, consequently, has sparked considerable interest for their attractive therapeutic means as pharmacological options. The purpose of this work is to provide a general overview of neuronal excitotoxicity and the inevitable downstream consequences of Ca2+ overload. We also discuss the contribution of Ca2+ transporters in excitotoxicity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Calcium Pumps and Exchangers in Neuronal Injury and Neurodegeneration”.
ISSN:0304-3940
1872-7972
1872-7972
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.048