Extracellular eosinophilic traps in association with Staphylococcus aureus at the site of epithelial barrier defects in patients with severe airway inflammation

• Published in: Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2017-06, Vol.139 (6), p.1849-1860.e6
• Main Authors: Gevaert, Elien, PhD, Zhang, Nan, MD, PhD, Krysko, Olga, MD, PhD, Lan, Feng, MD, PhD, Holtappels, Gabriële, BSc, De Ruyck, Natalie, MSc, Nauwynck, Hans, PhD, Yousefi, Shida, PhD, Simon, Hans-Uwe, MD, PhD, Bachert, Claus, MD, PhD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Allergies; Allergy and Immunology; Apoptosis; Assaying; Asthma; Bacteria; Chronic Disease; Chronic rhinosinusitis; Colonization; Comorbidity; Cytokines; Defects; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Dermatitis; DNA; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; eosinophils; Eosinophils - immunology; epithelial barrier; Exposure; extracellular eosinophilic traps; Extracellular Traps - immunology; Female; Fish; Flight corridors; Granulocytes; Humans; Immunoblotting; Immunohistochemistry; Infections; Inflammation; Inhibition; Interleukin 5; Leukocytes (eosinophilic); Lymphocytes T; Male; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Microorganisms; Middle Aged; Mitochondrial DNA; Mucosa; NAD(P)H oxidase; Nasal Mucosa - immunology; Nasal Mucosa - microbiology; Nasal Polyps - immunology; Nasal Polyps - microbiology; Neutrophils; Polymerase chain reaction; Polyps; Respiratory tract; Respiratory tract diseases; Rhinitis; Rhinitis - immunology; Rhinitis - microbiology; Rhinosinusitis; Sinusitis; Sinusitis - immunology; Sinusitis - microbiology; Staining; Staphylococcal Infections - immunology; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Surgery; Tissues; Traps; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0091-6749; 1097-6825; 1097-6825
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.019

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is characterized by TH 2-biased eosinophilic inflammation. Eosinophils have been shown to generate so-called extracellular eosinophilic traps (EETs) under similar pathologic conditions. Objective Our aim was to investigate a possible link between EET formation and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus , an organism frequently colonizing the upper airways, at the human mucosal site of the disease. Methods Tissue slides were investigated for the presence of EETs and S aureus by using immunofluorescent staining and the PNA-Fish assay, respectively. An ex vivo human mucosal disease tissue model was used for artificial infection with S aureus . Cell markers were analyzed by using immunohistochemistry, the Luminex Multiplex assay, ELISA, PCR, and immunoblotting and linked to the presence of EETs. Results About 8.8% ± 4.8% of the infiltrating eosinophils exhibited EETs in patients' nasal polyp tissues. Formation of EETs was associated with increased IL-5 ( P