Mini‐MACS: development of the Manual Ability Classification System for children younger than 4 years of age with signs of cerebral palsy

• Published in: Developmental medicine and child neurology 2017-01, Vol.59 (1), p.72-78
• Main Authors: Eliasson, Ann‐Christin, Ullenhag, Anna, Wahlström, Ulla, Krumlinde‐Sundholm, Lena
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age Factors; Cerebral Palsy - classification; Cerebral Palsy - physiopathology; Cerebral Palsy - rehabilitation; Child, Preschool; Disability Evaluation; Female; Hand - physiopathology; Humans; Infant; Male; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Motor Skills - physiology; Occupational Therapists - psychology; Parents - psychology; Pilot Projects; Reproducibility of Results
• ISSN: 0012-1622; 1469-8749; 1469-8749
• DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13162

Aim To develop the Mini‐Manual Ability Classification System (Mini‐MACS) and to evaluate the extent to which its ratings are valid and reliable when children younger than 4 years are rated by their parents and therapists. Method The Mini‐MACS was created by making adjustments to the MACS. The development involved a pilot project, consensus discussions within an expert group, and the creation of a test version of the Mini‐MACS that was evaluated for content validity and interrater reliability. A convenience sample of 61 children with signs of cerebral palsy aged 12 to 51 months (mean age 30.2mo [SD 10.1]) were classified by one parent and two occupational therapists across a total of 64 assessments. Agreement between the parents' and therapists' ratings was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the percentage of agreement. Results The first sentence of the five levels in the MACS was kept, but other descriptions within the Mini‐MACS were adjusted to be more relevant for the younger age group. The ICC between parents and therapists was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–0.92), and for the two therapists it was 0.97 (95% CI 0.78–0.92). Most parents and therapists found the descriptions in the Mini‐MACS suitable and easy to understand. Interpretation The Mini‐MACS seems applicable for children from 1 to 4 years of age. What this paper adds The Mini‐Manual Ability Classification System (Mini‐MACS) can be used for children between 1 year and 4 years of age with signs of cerebral palsy. The Mini‐MACS shows evidence of validity and reliability when used both by parents and by therapists. This article is commented on by Jeevanantham on page 11 of this issue.