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Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose–response meta-analysis

Background: Alcohol is a risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast, whereas its impact on other cancers remains controversial. Methods: We investigated the effect of alcohol on 23 cancer types through a meta-analytic approach. We used...

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Published in:British journal of cancer 2015-02, Vol.112 (3), p.580-593
Main Authors: Bagnardi, V, Rota, M, Botteri, E, Tramacere, I, Islami, F, Fedirko, V, Scotti, L, Jenab, M, Turati, F, Pasquali, E, Pelucchi, C, Galeone, C, Bellocco, R, Negri, E, Corrao, G, Boffetta, P, La Vecchia, C
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container_title British journal of cancer
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creator Bagnardi, V
Rota, M
Botteri, E
Tramacere, I
Islami, F
Fedirko, V
Scotti, L
Jenab, M
Turati, F
Pasquali, E
Pelucchi, C
Galeone, C
Bellocco, R
Negri, E
Corrao, G
Boffetta, P
La Vecchia, C
description Background: Alcohol is a risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast, whereas its impact on other cancers remains controversial. Methods: We investigated the effect of alcohol on 23 cancer types through a meta-analytic approach. We used dose–response meta-regression models and investigated potential sources of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 572 studies, including 486 538 cancer cases, were identified. Relative risks (RRs) for heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers and occasional drinkers were 5.13 for oral and pharyngeal cancer, 4.95 for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1.44 for colorectal, 2.65 for laryngeal and 1.61 for breast cancer; for those neoplasms there was a clear dose–risk relationship. Heavy drinkers also had a significantly higher risk of cancer of the stomach (RR 1.21), liver (2.07), gallbladder (2.64), pancreas (1.19) and lung (1.15). There was indication of a positive association between alcohol consumption and risk of melanoma and prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption and risk of Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were inversely associated. Conclusions: Alcohol increases risk of cancer of oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast. There is accumulating evidence that alcohol drinking is associated with some other cancers such as pancreas and prostate cancer and melanoma.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/bjc.2014.579
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Methods: We investigated the effect of alcohol on 23 cancer types through a meta-analytic approach. We used dose–response meta-regression models and investigated potential sources of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 572 studies, including 486 538 cancer cases, were identified. Relative risks (RRs) for heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers and occasional drinkers were 5.13 for oral and pharyngeal cancer, 4.95 for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1.44 for colorectal, 2.65 for laryngeal and 1.61 for breast cancer; for those neoplasms there was a clear dose–risk relationship. Heavy drinkers also had a significantly higher risk of cancer of the stomach (RR 1.21), liver (2.07), gallbladder (2.64), pancreas (1.19) and lung (1.15). There was indication of a positive association between alcohol consumption and risk of melanoma and prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption and risk of Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were inversely associated. Conclusions: Alcohol increases risk of cancer of oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast. There is accumulating evidence that alcohol drinking is associated with some other cancers such as pancreas and prostate cancer and melanoma.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-0920</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-1827</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.579</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25422909</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BJCAAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/499 ; 692/699/67 ; Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects ; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology ; Alcohol use ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Cancer Research ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance ; Epidemiology ; Esophageal Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Larynx ; Liver ; Male ; Medical research ; Melanoma ; Melanoma - epidemiology ; Meta-analysis ; Molecular Medicine ; Mouth Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Oncology ; Pancreas ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Prostate cancer ; Prostatic Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Science ; Working groups</subject><ispartof>British journal of cancer, 2015-02, Vol.112 (3), p.580-593</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2015</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Feb 3, 2015</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 Cancer Research UK 2015 Cancer Research UK</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-89491af6276c86de6d89e2dae86f78048180aa5cfb50f7e802d87a8d5607255d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-89491af6276c86de6d89e2dae86f78048180aa5cfb50f7e802d87a8d5607255d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453639/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453639/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25422909$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:130761757$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bagnardi, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rota, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Botteri, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tramacere, I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islami, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fedirko, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scotti, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jenab, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turati, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pasquali, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelucchi, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galeone, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bellocco, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Negri, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corrao, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boffetta, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>La Vecchia, C</creatorcontrib><title>Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose–response meta-analysis</title><title>British journal of cancer</title><addtitle>Br J Cancer</addtitle><addtitle>Br J Cancer</addtitle><description>Background: Alcohol is a risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast, whereas its impact on other cancers remains controversial. 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Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects
Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology
Alcohol use
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology
Cancer Research
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - epidemiology
Case-Control Studies
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Drug Resistance
Epidemiology
Esophageal Neoplasms - epidemiology
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Female
Humans
Incidence
Larynx
Liver
Male
Medical research
Melanoma
Melanoma - epidemiology
Meta-analysis
Molecular Medicine
Mouth Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Oncology
Pancreas
Pharyngeal Neoplasms - epidemiology
Prostate cancer
Prostatic Neoplasms - epidemiology
Risk Factors
Science
Working groups
title Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose–response meta-analysis
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