Biomechanical factors in the biology of aortic wall and aortic valve diseases

The biomechanical factors that result from the haemodynamic load on the cardiovascular system are a common denominator of several vascular pathologies. Thickening and calcification of the aortic valve will lead to reduced opening and the development of left ventricular outflow obstruction, referred...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cardiovascular research 2013-07, Vol.99 (2), p.232-241
Main Authors: Bäck, Magnus, Gasser, T Christian, Michel, Jean-Baptiste, Caligiuri, Giuseppina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Animals
Aorta - metabolism
Aorta - pathology
Aorta - physiopathology
Aortic Diseases - metabolism
Aortic Diseases - pathology
Aortic Diseases - physiopathology
Aortic stenosis
Aortic Valve - metabolism
Aortic Valve - pathology
Aortic Valve - physiopathology
Biomechanical Phenomena
Heart Valve Diseases - metabolism
Heart Valve Diseases - pathology
Heart Valve Diseases - physiopathology
Hemodynamics
Humans
Inflammation
Mechanotransduction, Cellular
Models, Cardiovascular
Regional Blood Flow
Spotlight Reviews: Spotlight on Biomechanical Factors in Cardiovascular Disease
Stress, Mechanical
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The biomechanical factors that result from the haemodynamic load on the cardiovascular system are a common denominator of several vascular pathologies. Thickening and calcification of the aortic valve will lead to reduced opening and the development of left ventricular outflow obstruction, referred to as aortic valve stenosis. The most common pathology of the aorta is the formation of an aneurysm, morphologically defined as a progressive dilatation of a vessel segment by more than 50% of its normal diameter. The aortic valve is exposed to both haemodynamic forces and structural leaflet deformation as it opens and closes with each heartbeat to assure unidirectional flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The arterial pressure is translated into tension-dominated mechanical wall stress in the aorta. In addition, stress and strain are related through the aortic stiffness. Furthermore, blood flow over the valvular and vascular endothelial layer induces wall shear stress. Several pathophysiological processes of aortic valve stenosis and aortic aneurysms, such as macromolecule transport, gene expression alterations, cell death pathways, calcification, inflammation, and neoangiogenesis directly depend on biomechanical factors.
ISSN:0008-6363
1755-3245
1755-3245
DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvt040