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Work‐Related Stress May Increase the Risk of Vascular Dementia

Objectives To examine job control, job demands, social support at work, and job strain (ratio of demands to control) in relation to risk of any dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). Design Cohort study. Setting The population‐based Study of Dementia in Swedish Twins....

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Published in:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) 2012-01, Vol.60 (1), p.60-67
Main Authors: Andel, Ross, Crowe, Michael, Hahn, Elizabeth A., Mortimer, James A., Pedersen, Nancy L., Fratiglioni, Laura, Johansson, Boo, Gatz, Margaret
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container_start_page 60
container_title Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)
container_volume 60
creator Andel, Ross
Crowe, Michael
Hahn, Elizabeth A.
Mortimer, James A.
Pedersen, Nancy L.
Fratiglioni, Laura
Johansson, Boo
Gatz, Margaret
description Objectives To examine job control, job demands, social support at work, and job strain (ratio of demands to control) in relation to risk of any dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). Design Cohort study. Setting The population‐based Study of Dementia in Swedish Twins. Participants Two hundred fifty‐seven people with dementia (167 AD, 46 VaD) and 9,849 without. Measurements Dementia diagnoses were based on telephone screening for cognitive impairment followed by in‐person clinical examination. An established job exposure matrix was matched to main occupation categories to measure work characteristics. Results In generalized estimating equations (adjusted for the inclusion of complete twin pairs), lower job control was associated with greater risk of any dementia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.31) and VaD specifically (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07–1.81). Lower social support at work was associated with greater risk of dementia (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28), AD (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.00–1.31), and VaD (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02–1.60). Greater job strain was associated with greater risk of VaD only (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02–1.60), especially in combination with low social support (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11–1.64). Age, sex, and education were controlled for. Work complexity, manual work, and vascular disease did not explain the results. No differences in work‐related stress scores were observed in the 54 twin pairs discordant for dementia, although only two pairs included a twin with VaD. Conclusion Work‐related stress, including low job control and low social support at work, may increase the risk of dementia, particularly VaD. Modification to work environment, including attention to social context and provision of meaningful roles for employees, may contribute to efforts to promote cognitive health.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03777.x
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Design Cohort study. Setting The population‐based Study of Dementia in Swedish Twins. Participants Two hundred fifty‐seven people with dementia (167 AD, 46 VaD) and 9,849 without. Measurements Dementia diagnoses were based on telephone screening for cognitive impairment followed by in‐person clinical examination. An established job exposure matrix was matched to main occupation categories to measure work characteristics. Results In generalized estimating equations (adjusted for the inclusion of complete twin pairs), lower job control was associated with greater risk of any dementia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.31) and VaD specifically (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07–1.81). Lower social support at work was associated with greater risk of dementia (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28), AD (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.00–1.31), and VaD (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02–1.60). Greater job strain was associated with greater risk of VaD only (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02–1.60), especially in combination with low social support (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11–1.64). Age, sex, and education were controlled for. Work complexity, manual work, and vascular disease did not explain the results. No differences in work‐related stress scores were observed in the 54 twin pairs discordant for dementia, although only two pairs included a twin with VaD. Conclusion Work‐related stress, including low job control and low social support at work, may increase the risk of dementia, particularly VaD. Modification to work environment, including attention to social context and provision of meaningful roles for employees, may contribute to efforts to promote cognitive health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-8614</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1532-5415</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-5415</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03777.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22175444</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAGSAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell</publisher><subject>Age ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer's disease ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cognitive ability ; Dementia ; Dementia disorders ; Dementia, Vascular - epidemiology ; Dementia, Vascular - etiology ; Diseases in Twins ; Education ; Female ; General aspects ; Geriatric Assessment - methods ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; Incidence ; job strain ; Male ; Mathematical models ; Medical sciences ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Miscellaneous ; Neurodegenerative diseases ; Neurology ; Occupational Diseases - complications ; Occupational Diseases - epidemiology ; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects ; Occupational health ; Occupational stress ; Population studies ; Psychology ; Psykologi ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Registries ; Risk Assessment - methods ; Risk Factors ; Sex ; Social interactions ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological - complications ; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sweden - epidemiology ; Twins ; vascular dementia ; Vascular diseases ; Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system ; work-related stress</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS), 2012-01, Vol.60 (1), p.60-67</ispartof><rights>2011, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2011, The American Geriatrics Society</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2011, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2011, The American Geriatrics Society.</rights><rights>2012 American Geriatrics Society and Wiley Periodicals, Inc</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c7247-3a7a957a520027e6ac45ff8f7ed53b39a0ca59a6008750d4a4a46c5c0eebf6583</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c7247-3a7a957a520027e6ac45ff8f7ed53b39a0ca59a6008750d4a4a46c5c0eebf6583</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=25538533$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22175444$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-73699$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/152525$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:123894898$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Andel, Ross</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crowe, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hahn, Elizabeth A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mortimer, James A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedersen, Nancy L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fratiglioni, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johansson, Boo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gatz, Margaret</creatorcontrib><title>Work‐Related Stress May Increase the Risk of Vascular Dementia</title><title>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)</title><addtitle>J Am Geriatr Soc</addtitle><description>Objectives To examine job control, job demands, social support at work, and job strain (ratio of demands to control) in relation to risk of any dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). Design Cohort study. Setting The population‐based Study of Dementia in Swedish Twins. Participants Two hundred fifty‐seven people with dementia (167 AD, 46 VaD) and 9,849 without. Measurements Dementia diagnoses were based on telephone screening for cognitive impairment followed by in‐person clinical examination. An established job exposure matrix was matched to main occupation categories to measure work characteristics. Results In generalized estimating equations (adjusted for the inclusion of complete twin pairs), lower job control was associated with greater risk of any dementia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.31) and VaD specifically (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07–1.81). Lower social support at work was associated with greater risk of dementia (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28), AD (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.00–1.31), and VaD (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02–1.60). Greater job strain was associated with greater risk of VaD only (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02–1.60), especially in combination with low social support (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11–1.64). Age, sex, and education were controlled for. Work complexity, manual work, and vascular disease did not explain the results. No differences in work‐related stress scores were observed in the 54 twin pairs discordant for dementia, although only two pairs included a twin with VaD. Conclusion Work‐related stress, including low job control and low social support at work, may increase the risk of dementia, particularly VaD. Modification to work environment, including attention to social context and provision of meaningful roles for employees, may contribute to efforts to promote cognitive health.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Dementia</subject><subject>Dementia disorders</subject><subject>Dementia, Vascular - epidemiology</subject><subject>Dementia, Vascular - etiology</subject><subject>Diseases in Twins</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Geriatric Assessment - methods</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>job strain</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Neurodegenerative diseases</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - complications</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Occupational health</subject><subject>Occupational stress</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psykologi</subject><subject>Public health. 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Design Cohort study. Setting The population‐based Study of Dementia in Swedish Twins. Participants Two hundred fifty‐seven people with dementia (167 AD, 46 VaD) and 9,849 without. Measurements Dementia diagnoses were based on telephone screening for cognitive impairment followed by in‐person clinical examination. An established job exposure matrix was matched to main occupation categories to measure work characteristics. Results In generalized estimating equations (adjusted for the inclusion of complete twin pairs), lower job control was associated with greater risk of any dementia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.31) and VaD specifically (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07–1.81). Lower social support at work was associated with greater risk of dementia (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28), AD (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.00–1.31), and VaD (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02–1.60). Greater job strain was associated with greater risk of VaD only (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02–1.60), especially in combination with low social support (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11–1.64). Age, sex, and education were controlled for. Work complexity, manual work, and vascular disease did not explain the results. No differences in work‐related stress scores were observed in the 54 twin pairs discordant for dementia, although only two pairs included a twin with VaD. Conclusion Work‐related stress, including low job control and low social support at work, may increase the risk of dementia, particularly VaD. Modification to work environment, including attention to social context and provision of meaningful roles for employees, may contribute to efforts to promote cognitive health.</abstract><cop>Hoboken, NJ</cop><pub>Wiley-Blackwell</pub><pmid>22175444</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03777.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Age
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alzheimer's disease
Biological and medical sciences
Cognitive ability
Dementia
Dementia disorders
Dementia, Vascular - epidemiology
Dementia, Vascular - etiology
Diseases in Twins
Education
Female
General aspects
Geriatric Assessment - methods
Geriatrics
Humans
Incidence
job strain
Male
Mathematical models
Medical sciences
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Miscellaneous
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurology
Occupational Diseases - complications
Occupational Diseases - epidemiology
Occupational Exposure - adverse effects
Occupational health
Occupational stress
Population studies
Psychology
Psykologi
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Registries
Risk Assessment - methods
Risk Factors
Sex
Social interactions
Stress
Stress, Psychological - complications
Stress, Psychological - epidemiology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Sweden - epidemiology
Twins
vascular dementia
Vascular diseases
Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system
work-related stress
title Work‐Related Stress May Increase the Risk of Vascular Dementia
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