Eburnamine derivatives and the brain

The Apocynaceae plant family contains a great number of so called eburnamine–vincamine alkaloids. Quite a few of these alkaloids exert varied pharmacological activities on the cell multiplication, cardiovascular system, and brain functions. Many derviatives were also synthesized to find pharmacologi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Medicinal research reviews 2005-11, Vol.25 (6), p.737-757
Main Authors: Vas, Adam, Gulyas, Balazs
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae - chemistry
Brain - drug effects
brain function
eburnamine derivatives
Humans
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
neuroprotection
Nucleotides, Cyclic - metabolism
Positron-Emission Tomography
Primates
Receptors, GABA-A - drug effects
Sodium Channel Blockers - pharmacology
Vinca Alkaloids - pharmacology
Vincamine - analogs & derivatives
Vincamine - pharmacology
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Summary:The Apocynaceae plant family contains a great number of so called eburnamine–vincamine alkaloids. Quite a few of these alkaloids exert varied pharmacological activities on the cell multiplication, cardiovascular system, and brain functions. Many derviatives were also synthesized to find pharmacologically active compunds better characterized and safer to be administered than the natural plant alkaloids themselves. We concentrate on the eburnamine structures with cerebral activities in this review. Vincamine, vinburnine, vindeburnol, apovincaminate, and vinpocetine (cis‐ethyl‐apovincaminate) all share modulatory effects on brain circulation and neuronal homeostasis, bear antihypoxic and neuroprotective potencies to various degrees. The most eminent compound of this class of alkaloids is vinpocetine. Since its introduction to the market as a neuroprotective agent many non clinical and clinical studies proved vinpocetine's effects on calmodulin dependent phosphodiesterase E1, on sodium, calcium channels, peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, and glutamate receptors as well as its clinical usefulness in the treatment of post‐ischaemic stroke disease states and various disorders of cerebrovascular origin. Lately, positron emission tomography studies proved that vinpocetine has a rapid uptake in the primate and human brain with a heterogenous distribution pattern (preference areas: thalamus, basal ganglia, and visual cortex) both after intravenous and oral administration. Vinpocetine exerts beneficial effects in cerebral glucose metabolism and regional cerebral blood flow in chronic post‐stroke patients. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
ISSN:0198-6325
1098-1128
DOI:10.1002/med.20043