The Zimmerman-McLean-Foster hypothesis: 25 years later

It is now 25 years since the publication of the landmark article by Zimmerman, McLean, and Foster, in which they cast doubts on the benefit of enucleation, which was the prevailing management of choroidal melanoma at that time. Over the past 25 years several advances have been made in the management...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of ophthalmology 2004-07, Vol.88 (7), p.962-967
Main Authors: Singh, A D, Rennie, I G, Kivela, T, Seregard, S, Grossniklaus, H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Brachytherapy - methods
Choroid Neoplasms - mortality
Choroid Neoplasms - surgery
Eye Enucleation - adverse effects
Finland - epidemiology
Humans
Medical sciences
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Melanoma - mortality
Melanoma - secondary
Melanoma - surgery
Ophthalmology
Protons - therapeutic use
Sweden - epidemiology
Tumors and pseudotumors of the eye, orbit, eyelid, lacrimal apparatus
tumour resction
United States - epidemiology
uveal melanoma
Zimmerman-McLean-Foster hypothesis
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Summary:It is now 25 years since the publication of the landmark article by Zimmerman, McLean, and Foster, in which they cast doubts on the benefit of enucleation, which was the prevailing management of choroidal melanoma at that time. Over the past 25 years several advances have been made in the management of uveal melanoma. Research in the pathobiology of cancer metastasis in general and uveal melanoma in particular has also provided new insights. In this review, the Zimmerman-McLean-Foster hypothesis is explored in the light of current clinical, epidemiological, statistical, and experimental evidence.
ISSN:0007-1161
1468-2079
DOI:10.1136/bjo.2003.029058