The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical workload on disability pension–a cohort study of Swedish men

• Published in: International archives of occupational and environmental health 2024-01, Vol.97 (1), p.45-55
• Main Authors: Berglund, Karin, Almroth, Melody, Falkstedt, Daniel, Hemmingsson, Tomas, Kjellberg, Katarina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Archives & records; Bicycles; Bicycling; Cardiorespiratory fitness; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cohort analysis; Confounding (Statistics); Disability pensions; Earth and Environmental Science; Environment; Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Ergonomics; Exposure; Fitness; Job-exposure matrix; Labor market; Market entry; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Military service; Mortality; Musculoskeletal diseases; Musculoskeletal disorders; Occupational exposure; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine; Original; Original Article; Physical capacity; Physical workload; Physiology; Regression analysis; Regression models; Rehabilitation; Self report; Statistical analysis; Workers; Workload; Workloads
• ISSN: 0340-0131; 1432-1246; 1432-1246
• DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02023-1

Objective Understanding the impact of physical capacity in combination with high physical workload could be beneficial for the prevention of health-related exits from work. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the separate and combined effects of low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload on disability pension (DP) due to any cause, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods A total of 279 353 men born between 1951 and 1961 were followed regarding DP between 2006 and 2020, ages 45–64. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed during military conscription, using an ergometer bicycle test. Physical workload was based on a job-exposure matrix (JEM) linked to occupational title in 2005. Cox regression models estimated separate and combined associations with DP. Results Low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload were associated with increased risk of DP. For all cause DP, the fully adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for those with low cardiorespiratory fitness was 1.38 (1.32–1.46) and for those with high physical workload 1.48 (1.39–1.57). For all cause and MSD DP, but not for CVD DP, the combination of low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload resulted in higher risks than when adding the effect of the single exposures. Conclusion Both low cardiorespiratory fitness in youth and later exposure to high physical workload were associated with an increased risk of DP, where workers with the combination of both low cardiorespiratory fitness and a high physical workload had the highest risks (all-cause and MSD DP).