The Evolution of Travertine Masses in the Sivas Area (Central Turkey) and Their Relationships to Active Tectonics

• Published in: Turkish journal of earth sciences 2008, Vol.17 (2), p.219-240
• Main Authors: MESCİ, B. LEVENT, TATAR, HALİL GÜRSOY & ORHAN
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Active tectonics; active tectonics, earthquake, Sivas Basin, Sıcak Çermik, travertine, travitonics, U/Th age dating, Quaternary geology; Aktif tektonizma; Central Anatolia; Deprem; Deprem tekrarlama aralığı; earthquake; Earthquake recurrence interval; Fault striation analysis; Fault system; Fay sistemi; Fay çizikleri analizi; Fissure ridge travertines; geological history; Geology; Geophysics; Jeofizik; Jeoloji; Jeolojik tarihçe; Kinematic analysis; Kinematik analiz; Kuaterner Dönem; Lineament analysis; Orta Anadolu; Quaternary Period; satellite image; sedimentary petrology; Sırt tipi traverten; Sivas Basin; Sivas Havzası; Tectonic model; Tektonik model; Tortul kayaçbilim; Traverten; Traverten tektoniği; Travertine; Travitonics; Uranium-thorium dating; Uranyum-toryum ile yaş tayini; Uydu görüntüsü; Çizgisellik analizi
• ISSN: 1303-619X; 1300-0985; 1303-619X

Sıcak Çermik, Delikkaya and Sarıkaya are important travertine fields with active hot springs located 31 km west of Sivas. Based on their morphology, most of the travertines are classified as fissure-ridge travertines. Eroded sheet-type, terraced, and self-built channel types of travertine are also present at a few locations. Faults and fissures formed in the underlying İncesu Formation, and fissures developing in the fissure-ridge travertines are linked to one another. Tectonic deformation forming the fissure-ridge travertines resulted from NE-SW extension associated with a NW-SE compressional regime related to the Central Anatolian Thrust Belt and Sivas Backthrust. U/Th series age dating results indicate that the travertine deposition extends back to 400 ka and yields ages of 11.400 (±500) to 364.000 (+201.000/-76.000) from the fissure-ridge travertines. Age data and fissure width observations indicate that a ~0.06 mm/year extension rate is associated with the compressional regime in the Sivas Basin. On average, fissure-ridge travertines formed over intervals of 56.000 years, and indicate that a major regional seismic event with a magnitude of 7.4 has occurred here with this order of frequency. The Pamukkale travertines in Western Turkey are one of the most spectacular natural heritage sites in the world, as well as a site of active tectonic studies, and are now protected for these reasons. As shown by this study, the Sıcak Çermik travertines are of comparable interest and should receive similar protection.