Effect of day and night temperature on internode and stem length in chrysanthemum: is everything explained by DIF?

In many plant species, including chrysanthemum, a strong positive correlation between internode length and DIF [difference between day (DT) and night (NT) temperature] has been observed. However, Langton and Cockshull (1997, Scientia Horticulturae 69: 229-237) reported no such relationship and showe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of botany 2002-07, Vol.90 (1), p.111-118
Main Authors: Carvalho, S.M.P, Heuvelink, E, Cascais, R, Kooten, O. van
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
air temperature
Chrysanthemum - growth & development
Chrysanthemum morifolium
Circles
cut flowers
day temperature
DIF
diurnal variation
elongation
Horticultural nurseries
Horticultural Supply Chains
Horticulture
internode length
Internodes
Key words: Chrysanthemum
Leerstoelgroep Tuinbouwproductieketens
length
mathematical models
modelling
night temperature
number of internodes
Original
PE&RC
Photoperiod
Phytotrons
Plant Stems - growth & development
Plants
prediction
Stem elongation
stem length
stems
Symbolism
Symbols
Temperature
thermoperiodism
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Summary:In many plant species, including chrysanthemum, a strong positive correlation between internode length and DIF [difference between day (DT) and night (NT) temperature] has been observed. However, Langton and Cockshull (1997, Scientia Horticulturae 69: 229-237) reported no such relationship and showed that absolute DT and NT explained internode length rather than DIF. To investigate these conflicting results and to clarify the validity of the DIF concept, cut chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum 'Reagan Improved') were grown in growth chambers at all 16 combinations of four DT and four NT (16, 20, 24 and 28 degrees C) with a 12 h daylength. Length of internode 10, number of internodes and stem length were measured on days 5, 10, 17, 22 and 27 after starting the temperature treatments. Internode length on day 10 showed a positive linear relationship with DIF (R2 = 0.64). However, when internodes had reached their final length in all treatments (day 27), a much stronger positive linear relation was observed (R2 = 0.81). A model to predict final internode length was developed based on the absolute DT and NT responses: both responses were optimum curves and no significant interaction between DT and NT occurred [final internode length (mm) = -32.23 + 3.56DT + 1.08NT - 0.0687DT2 - 0.0371NT2; R2 = 0.91, where T(D) is day temperature and T(N) is night temperature]. It is shown that DIF can predict final internode length only within a temperature range where effects of DT and NT are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign (18-24 degrees C). Internode appearance rate, as well as stem length formed during the experiment, showed an optimum response to DT.
ISSN:0305-7364
1095-8290
DOI:10.1093/aob/mcf154