Interaction of four antagonistic fungi with Botrytis aclada in dead onion leaves: a comparative microscopic and ultrastructural study

The colonization of dead onion leaves by Botrytis aclada and the fungal antagonists Aureobasidium pullulans, Chaetomium globosum, Gliocladium catenulatum, and Ulocladium atrum and the interactions between B. aclada and each of the four antagonists were studied at the microscopic and ultrastructural...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Phytopathology 1997-06, Vol.87 (6), p.634-642
Main Authors: Kohl, J. (IPO-DLO, Wageningen (Netherlands)), Belanger, R.R, Fokkema, N.J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AGENT PATHOGENE
ALLIUM CEPA
AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS
AUXILIAIRE DE LUTTE BIOLOGIQUE
Biological and medical sciences
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ORGANISMS
BOTRYTIS ALLII
CELL STRUCTURE
CHAETOMIUM GLOBOSUM
Control
CONTROL BIOLOGICO
CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES
CONTROLE DE MALADIES
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
DISEASE CONTROL
ENFERMEDADES FUNGOSAS
ESTRUCTURA CELULAR
ETAPAS DE DESARROLLO
FEUILLE
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
FUNGAL ANTAGONISTS
FUNGAL DISEASES
Fungal plant pathogens
GLIOCLADIUM
GLIOCLADIUM CATENULATUM
HOJAS
INFECTIVITY
INOCULUM DENSITY
Instituut voor Plantenziektenkundig Onderzoek
LEAVES
LUTTE BIOLOGIQUE
MALADIE FONGIQUE
ORGANISMOS PARA CONTROL BIOLOGICO
ORGANISMOS PATOGENOS
PATHOGENICITY
PATHOGENS
PATOGENICIDAD
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
POUVOIR PATHOGENE
Research Institute for Plant Protection
SAPROFITISMO
SAPROPHYTISM
SAPROPHYTISME
STADE DE DEVELOPPEMENT
STRUCTURE CELLULAIRE
ULOCLADIUM ATRUM
ULTRAESTRUCTURA
ULTRASTRUCTURE
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Summary:The colonization of dead onion leaves by Botrytis aclada and the fungal antagonists Aureobasidium pullulans, Chaetomium globosum, Gliocladium catenulatum, and Ulocladium atrum and the interactions between B. aclada and each of the four antagonists were studied at the microscopic and ultrastructural level. This approach was used in an attempt to understand the colonization pattern of these fungi and the nature of the biocontrol activity of the antagonists that have shown a potential to suppress spore production of Botrytis spp. on necrotic plant tissues. When applied alone, B. aclada and U. atrum were found throughout the leaf tissues in high densities after an incubation period of 6 days at 18 degrees C in a moist chamber. C. globosum and G. catenulatum colonized only the outer portions of the leaf, whereas A. pullulans appeared to be concentrated in the leaf stomata. When pathogen and antagonists were applied together, ultrastructural observations revealed that cells of B. aclada were plasmolyzed in the presence of G. catenulatum, suggesting a reaction to antifungal molecules. Antibiosis also seemed to be involved, albeit to a lesser extent, in the antagonistic interactions between B. aclada and A. pullulans or C. globosum. No evidence of direct parasitism was recorded. On the other hand, U. atrum appeared to completely exclude B. aclada from dead onion tissues when both fungi competed for the substrate. Ultrastructural observations of the in vitro interaction between the two fungi did not reveal parasitism or antibiosis by either fungus. Based on previous records of its biocontrol potential and observations of its colonizing properties, it appears that U. atrum can compete for and utilize necrotic tissues rapidly and extensively, thus, excluding competitors without any other antagonistic action
ISSN:0031-949X
1943-7684
DOI:10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.6.634