What artificial urine composition is adequate for simulating soil N2O fluxes and mineral N dynamics

Artificial urine, an aqueous solution of various nitrogenous compounds and salts, is routinely used in soil incubation studies on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and related nitrogen (N) and pH dynamics. There is, however, no consensus on artificial urine composition, and a wide variety of composition...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Soil biology & biochemistry 2006-07, Vol.38 (7), p.1757-1763
Main Authors: Kool, D.M, Hoffland, E, Abrahamse, S, Groenigen, J.W. van
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
affected grassland
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
animal urine
aromatic-acids
Biochemistry and biology
Biological and medical sciences
carbon dioxide
cattle
chemical composition
Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties
denitrification
experimental design
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
gas emissions
gas production (biological)
greenhouse gases
metabolism
nitrogen
nitrous oxide
nitrous-oxide emissions
pasture
performance liquid-chromatography
Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils
sheep
soil nutrient dynamics
soil pH
soil respiration
Soil science
urine
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Summary:Artificial urine, an aqueous solution of various nitrogenous compounds and salts, is routinely used in soil incubation studies on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and related nitrogen (N) and pH dynamics. There is, however, no consensus on artificial urine composition, and a wide variety of compositions are used. The aim of this study was to test which artificial urine composition is adequate for simulating N2O fluxes, respiration, soil mineral N and pH dynamics of real cattle urine in both short- and long-term incubation studies. Urine solutions of differing compositions were applied to a sandy soil and incubated for 65 days, and results of measurements on N2O fluxes and soil mineral N were analyzed over the first 5 days as well as over the whole incubation period. Results from two real cattle urines with known nitrogenous composition (R1 and R2) were compared with three artificial urine types: (i) urea+glycine (AG), (ii) urea+hippuric acid (AH) and (iii) an artificial urine identical to the nitrogenous composition of real urine R1 (AR). During the first 5 days, only cumulative N2O emissions for AG deviated significantly (P=0.02) from the N2O emissions for real urines, with 0.4% of applied N emitted compared with 0.0% and 0.1% for R1 and R2, respectively. Respiration from R1 was significantly (P
ISSN:0038-0717
1879-3428
DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.030