Glycosyltransferase-catalyzed synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides

Mammalian cell surfaces are all covered with bioactive oligosaccharides which play an important role in molecular recognition events such as immune recognition, cell–cell communication and initiation of microbial pathogenesis. Consequently, bioactive oligosaccharides have been recognized as a medici...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biotechnology advances 2008-09, Vol.26 (5), p.436-456
Main Authors: Weijers, Carel A.G.M., Franssen, Maurice C.R., Visser, Gerben M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
active natural-products
Bioactive oligosaccharides
Biological and medical sciences
Biotechnology
campylobacter-jejuni
Catalysis
Chemoenzymatic synthesis
cholera-toxin
crystal-structure
cyclodextrin glucanotransferase
engineered escherichia-coli
Enzyme Activation
fucosyl-transferase
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Ganglioside mimics
Glycoconjugates
Glycosyltransferases
Glycosyltransferases - chemistry
Glycosyltransferases - metabolism
helicobacter-pylori
Oligosaccharides - chemistry
Oligosaccharides - metabolism
one-pot strategies
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Summary:Mammalian cell surfaces are all covered with bioactive oligosaccharides which play an important role in molecular recognition events such as immune recognition, cell–cell communication and initiation of microbial pathogenesis. Consequently, bioactive oligosaccharides have been recognized as a medicinally relevant class of biomolecules for which the interest is growing. For the preparation of complex and highly pure oligosaccharides, methods based on the application of glycosyltransferases are currently recognized as being the most effective. The present paper reviews the potential of glycosyltransferases as synthetic tools in oligosaccharide synthesis. Reaction mechanisms and selected characteristics of these enzymes are described in relation to the stereochemistry of the transfer reaction and the requirements of sugar nucleotide donors. For the application of glycosyltransferases, accepted substrate profiles are summarized and the whole-cell approach versus isolated enzyme methodology is compared. Sialyltransferase-catalyzed syntheses of gangliosides and other sialylated oligosaccharides are described in more detail in view of the prominent role of these compounds in biological recognition.
ISSN:0734-9750
1873-1899
DOI:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.05.001