Loading…
Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands
Managed grasslands are occasionally ploughed up and reseeded in order to maintain or increase the sward productivity. It has been reported that this renovation of grassland is associated with a flush of soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization and with a temporary increase in soil mineral N contents...
Saved in:
Published in: | Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 2010-04, Vol.86 (3), p.401-412 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-98897c3ff0e0223d24399cf614780855be063e9b80cd189e39ebfaeae7e668a3 |
---|---|
cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-98897c3ff0e0223d24399cf614780855be063e9b80cd189e39ebfaeae7e668a3 |
container_end_page | 412 |
container_issue | 3 |
container_start_page | 401 |
container_title | Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems |
container_volume | 86 |
creator | Velthof, G. L Hoving, I. E Dolfing, J Smit, A Kuikman, P. J Oenema, O |
description | Managed grasslands are occasionally ploughed up and reseeded in order to maintain or increase the sward productivity. It has been reported that this renovation of grassland is associated with a flush of soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization and with a temporary increase in soil mineral N contents. Here, we report on the effects of method and time of grassland renovation on herbage yield, nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) leaching and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (two sandy soils and a clay soil) in the Netherlands for three years. Renovation of grassland increased the percentage of Perennial ryegrass from 48-70% up to more than 90%. However, averaged over three years, dry matter yields were higher for the reference (not reseeded) swards (on average 13.6 Mg ha⁻¹ for the highest N application rate) than for the renovated grasslands (12.2-13.1 Mg ha⁻¹ dry matter). Grassland renovation in April did not increase N leaching in comparison to the reference. However, renovation in September increased the risk of leaching, because mineral N contents in the 0-90 cm were in November on average 46-77 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than in the reference. Contents of dissolved organic N (DON) in the soil were not affected by renovation. Renovation increased N₂O emissions by a factor of 1.8-3.0 relative to the reference grassland. Emissions of N₂O were on average higher after renovation in April (8.2 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹) than in September (5.8 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹). Renovation without ploughing (i.e. only chemically destruction of the sward) resulted in a lower percentage of perennial ryegrass (60-84%) than with ploughing (>90%). Moreover, N₂O emissions were higher after renovation without ploughing than with ploughing. Clearly, farmers need better recommendations and tools for determining when grassland renovation has beneficial agronomic effects. Losses of N via leaching and N₂O emission after renovation can probably not be avoided, but renovation in spring in stead of autumn in combination with ploughing and proper timing of fertilizer application can minimize N losses. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10705-009-9302-7 |
format | article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_wagen</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_wageningen_narcis_oai_library_wur_nl_wurpubs_387669</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2259828867</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-98897c3ff0e0223d24399cf614780855be063e9b80cd189e39ebfaeae7e668a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kcFu1DAQhiMEEqXtA3DCEtemjO1NbHNDFVCkoh5oz5aTjHddZe3Fdlr2KXhlbILUG5KlsUb_98_Yf9O8pXBJAcSHREFA1wKoVnFgrXjRnNBO8BZkL16WO5ddSzndvG7epPQAheFyc9L8_o55FyZi_ESy2zu_JcGSbTQpzbUX0YdHk13wxFiLY05kh3EwWyRHh_N0QbzL0WQkM5pxV_iLv161G5ZEwi83IcG9S6l6uHoy-uQecT6SvfHFaXqel86aV9bMCc__1dPm7svnu6vr9ub267erTzft2AHkVkmpxMitBQTG-MQ2XKnR9nQjJMiuGxB6jmqQME5UKuQKB2vQoMC-l4afNh9X26cy35et0Wtv4uiSDsbp2Q3RxKN-WqL2cy2HZUiaS9H3qsDvV_gQw88FU9YPYYm-rKsZ65Rksvx5UdFVNcaQUkSrD9HtqysFXTPTa2a6ZKZrZroybGVS0Zal4rPz_6B3K2RN0GYbyxvufzCgHKikQvac_wHPIadV</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2259828867</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands</title><source>Springer Nature</source><creator>Velthof, G. L ; Hoving, I. E ; Dolfing, J ; Smit, A ; Kuikman, P. J ; Oenema, O</creator><creatorcontrib>Velthof, G. L ; Hoving, I. E ; Dolfing, J ; Smit, A ; Kuikman, P. J ; Oenema, O</creatorcontrib><description>Managed grasslands are occasionally ploughed up and reseeded in order to maintain or increase the sward productivity. It has been reported that this renovation of grassland is associated with a flush of soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization and with a temporary increase in soil mineral N contents. Here, we report on the effects of method and time of grassland renovation on herbage yield, nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) leaching and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (two sandy soils and a clay soil) in the Netherlands for three years. Renovation of grassland increased the percentage of Perennial ryegrass from 48-70% up to more than 90%. However, averaged over three years, dry matter yields were higher for the reference (not reseeded) swards (on average 13.6 Mg ha⁻¹ for the highest N application rate) than for the renovated grasslands (12.2-13.1 Mg ha⁻¹ dry matter). Grassland renovation in April did not increase N leaching in comparison to the reference. However, renovation in September increased the risk of leaching, because mineral N contents in the 0-90 cm were in November on average 46-77 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than in the reference. Contents of dissolved organic N (DON) in the soil were not affected by renovation. Renovation increased N₂O emissions by a factor of 1.8-3.0 relative to the reference grassland. Emissions of N₂O were on average higher after renovation in April (8.2 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹) than in September (5.8 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹). Renovation without ploughing (i.e. only chemically destruction of the sward) resulted in a lower percentage of perennial ryegrass (60-84%) than with ploughing (>90%). Moreover, N₂O emissions were higher after renovation without ploughing than with ploughing. Clearly, farmers need better recommendations and tools for determining when grassland renovation has beneficial agronomic effects. Losses of N via leaching and N₂O emission after renovation can probably not be avoided, but renovation in spring in stead of autumn in combination with ploughing and proper timing of fertilizer application can minimize N losses.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1385-1314</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-0867</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10705-009-9302-7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Agronomy ; application timing ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; botanical composition ; Clay minerals ; Clay soils ; clover ; crop yield ; cultivation ; decision making ; dissolved organic nitrogen ; Dry matter ; dry matter accumulation ; Emission ; Emissions ; fertilizer ; Fertilizer application ; field experimentation ; Field tests ; gas emissions ; Grassland management ; Grasslands ; herbicides ; intensive farming ; Leaching ; Life Sciences ; losses from soil ; Mineralization ; netherlands ; nitrate nitrogen ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen ; nitrogen fertilizers ; Nitrous oxide ; Organic chemistry ; Organic nitrogen ; Organic soils ; pasture ; Plant growth ; plowing ; range management ; Research Article ; Sandy soils ; seasonal variation ; soil ; soil organic matter ; Sward ; swards</subject><ispartof>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, 2010-04, Vol.86 (3), p.401-412</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2009</rights><rights>Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems is a copyright of Springer, (2009). All Rights Reserved. © 2009. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0 (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Wageningen University & Research</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-98897c3ff0e0223d24399cf614780855be063e9b80cd189e39ebfaeae7e668a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-98897c3ff0e0223d24399cf614780855be063e9b80cd189e39ebfaeae7e668a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27923,27924</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Velthof, G. L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoving, I. E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolfing, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smit, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuikman, P. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oenema, O</creatorcontrib><title>Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands</title><title>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems</title><addtitle>Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst</addtitle><description>Managed grasslands are occasionally ploughed up and reseeded in order to maintain or increase the sward productivity. It has been reported that this renovation of grassland is associated with a flush of soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization and with a temporary increase in soil mineral N contents. Here, we report on the effects of method and time of grassland renovation on herbage yield, nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) leaching and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (two sandy soils and a clay soil) in the Netherlands for three years. Renovation of grassland increased the percentage of Perennial ryegrass from 48-70% up to more than 90%. However, averaged over three years, dry matter yields were higher for the reference (not reseeded) swards (on average 13.6 Mg ha⁻¹ for the highest N application rate) than for the renovated grasslands (12.2-13.1 Mg ha⁻¹ dry matter). Grassland renovation in April did not increase N leaching in comparison to the reference. However, renovation in September increased the risk of leaching, because mineral N contents in the 0-90 cm were in November on average 46-77 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than in the reference. Contents of dissolved organic N (DON) in the soil were not affected by renovation. Renovation increased N₂O emissions by a factor of 1.8-3.0 relative to the reference grassland. Emissions of N₂O were on average higher after renovation in April (8.2 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹) than in September (5.8 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹). Renovation without ploughing (i.e. only chemically destruction of the sward) resulted in a lower percentage of perennial ryegrass (60-84%) than with ploughing (>90%). Moreover, N₂O emissions were higher after renovation without ploughing than with ploughing. Clearly, farmers need better recommendations and tools for determining when grassland renovation has beneficial agronomic effects. Losses of N via leaching and N₂O emission after renovation can probably not be avoided, but renovation in spring in stead of autumn in combination with ploughing and proper timing of fertilizer application can minimize N losses.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Agronomy</subject><subject>application timing</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>botanical composition</subject><subject>Clay minerals</subject><subject>Clay soils</subject><subject>clover</subject><subject>crop yield</subject><subject>cultivation</subject><subject>decision making</subject><subject>dissolved organic nitrogen</subject><subject>Dry matter</subject><subject>dry matter accumulation</subject><subject>Emission</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>fertilizer</subject><subject>Fertilizer application</subject><subject>field experimentation</subject><subject>Field tests</subject><subject>gas emissions</subject><subject>Grassland management</subject><subject>Grasslands</subject><subject>herbicides</subject><subject>intensive farming</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>losses from soil</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>netherlands</subject><subject>nitrate nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>nitrogen fertilizers</subject><subject>Nitrous oxide</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Organic nitrogen</subject><subject>Organic soils</subject><subject>pasture</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>plowing</subject><subject>range management</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Sandy soils</subject><subject>seasonal variation</subject><subject>soil</subject><subject>soil organic matter</subject><subject>Sward</subject><subject>swards</subject><issn>1385-1314</issn><issn>1573-0867</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kcFu1DAQhiMEEqXtA3DCEtemjO1NbHNDFVCkoh5oz5aTjHddZe3Fdlr2KXhlbILUG5KlsUb_98_Yf9O8pXBJAcSHREFA1wKoVnFgrXjRnNBO8BZkL16WO5ddSzndvG7epPQAheFyc9L8_o55FyZi_ESy2zu_JcGSbTQpzbUX0YdHk13wxFiLY05kh3EwWyRHh_N0QbzL0WQkM5pxV_iLv161G5ZEwi83IcG9S6l6uHoy-uQecT6SvfHFaXqel86aV9bMCc__1dPm7svnu6vr9ub267erTzft2AHkVkmpxMitBQTG-MQ2XKnR9nQjJMiuGxB6jmqQME5UKuQKB2vQoMC-l4afNh9X26cy35et0Wtv4uiSDsbp2Q3RxKN-WqL2cy2HZUiaS9H3qsDvV_gQw88FU9YPYYm-rKsZ65Rksvx5UdFVNcaQUkSrD9HtqysFXTPTa2a6ZKZrZroybGVS0Zal4rPz_6B3K2RN0GYbyxvufzCgHKikQvac_wHPIadV</recordid><startdate>20100401</startdate><enddate>20100401</enddate><creator>Velthof, G. L</creator><creator>Hoving, I. E</creator><creator>Dolfing, J</creator><creator>Smit, A</creator><creator>Kuikman, P. J</creator><creator>Oenema, O</creator><general>Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>QVL</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100401</creationdate><title>Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands</title><author>Velthof, G. L ; Hoving, I. E ; Dolfing, J ; Smit, A ; Kuikman, P. J ; Oenema, O</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-98897c3ff0e0223d24399cf614780855be063e9b80cd189e39ebfaeae7e668a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Agronomy</topic><topic>application timing</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>botanical composition</topic><topic>Clay minerals</topic><topic>Clay soils</topic><topic>clover</topic><topic>crop yield</topic><topic>cultivation</topic><topic>decision making</topic><topic>dissolved organic nitrogen</topic><topic>Dry matter</topic><topic>dry matter accumulation</topic><topic>Emission</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>fertilizer</topic><topic>Fertilizer application</topic><topic>field experimentation</topic><topic>Field tests</topic><topic>gas emissions</topic><topic>Grassland management</topic><topic>Grasslands</topic><topic>herbicides</topic><topic>intensive farming</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>losses from soil</topic><topic>Mineralization</topic><topic>netherlands</topic><topic>nitrate nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>nitrogen fertilizers</topic><topic>Nitrous oxide</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Organic nitrogen</topic><topic>Organic soils</topic><topic>pasture</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>plowing</topic><topic>range management</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Sandy soils</topic><topic>seasonal variation</topic><topic>soil</topic><topic>soil organic matter</topic><topic>Sward</topic><topic>swards</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Velthof, G. L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoving, I. E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolfing, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smit, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuikman, P. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oenema, O</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>SpringerOpen</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>NARCIS:Publications</collection><jtitle>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Velthof, G. L</au><au>Hoving, I. E</au><au>Dolfing, J</au><au>Smit, A</au><au>Kuikman, P. J</au><au>Oenema, O</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands</atitle><jtitle>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems</jtitle><stitle>Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst</stitle><date>2010-04-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>86</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>401</spage><epage>412</epage><pages>401-412</pages><issn>1385-1314</issn><eissn>1573-0867</eissn><abstract>Managed grasslands are occasionally ploughed up and reseeded in order to maintain or increase the sward productivity. It has been reported that this renovation of grassland is associated with a flush of soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization and with a temporary increase in soil mineral N contents. Here, we report on the effects of method and time of grassland renovation on herbage yield, nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) leaching and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (two sandy soils and a clay soil) in the Netherlands for three years. Renovation of grassland increased the percentage of Perennial ryegrass from 48-70% up to more than 90%. However, averaged over three years, dry matter yields were higher for the reference (not reseeded) swards (on average 13.6 Mg ha⁻¹ for the highest N application rate) than for the renovated grasslands (12.2-13.1 Mg ha⁻¹ dry matter). Grassland renovation in April did not increase N leaching in comparison to the reference. However, renovation in September increased the risk of leaching, because mineral N contents in the 0-90 cm were in November on average 46-77 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than in the reference. Contents of dissolved organic N (DON) in the soil were not affected by renovation. Renovation increased N₂O emissions by a factor of 1.8-3.0 relative to the reference grassland. Emissions of N₂O were on average higher after renovation in April (8.2 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹) than in September (5.8 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹). Renovation without ploughing (i.e. only chemically destruction of the sward) resulted in a lower percentage of perennial ryegrass (60-84%) than with ploughing (>90%). Moreover, N₂O emissions were higher after renovation without ploughing than with ploughing. Clearly, farmers need better recommendations and tools for determining when grassland renovation has beneficial agronomic effects. Losses of N via leaching and N₂O emission after renovation can probably not be avoided, but renovation in spring in stead of autumn in combination with ploughing and proper timing of fertilizer application can minimize N losses.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s10705-009-9302-7</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1385-1314 |
ispartof | Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, 2010-04, Vol.86 (3), p.401-412 |
issn | 1385-1314 1573-0867 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_wageningen_narcis_oai_library_wur_nl_wurpubs_387669 |
source | Springer Nature |
subjects | Agriculture Agronomy application timing Biomedical and Life Sciences botanical composition Clay minerals Clay soils clover crop yield cultivation decision making dissolved organic nitrogen Dry matter dry matter accumulation Emission Emissions fertilizer Fertilizer application field experimentation Field tests gas emissions Grassland management Grasslands herbicides intensive farming Leaching Life Sciences losses from soil Mineralization netherlands nitrate nitrogen Nitrates Nitrogen nitrogen fertilizers Nitrous oxide Organic chemistry Organic nitrogen Organic soils pasture Plant growth plowing range management Research Article Sandy soils seasonal variation soil soil organic matter Sward swards |
title | Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands |
url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-11T02%3A26%3A24IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_wagen&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Method%20and%20timing%20of%20grassland%20renovation%20affects%20herbage%20yield,%20nitrate%20leaching,%20and%20nitrous%20oxide%20emission%20in%20intensively%20managed%20grasslands&rft.jtitle=Nutrient%20cycling%20in%20agroecosystems&rft.au=Velthof,%20G.%20L&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=401&rft.epage=412&rft.pages=401-412&rft.issn=1385-1314&rft.eissn=1573-0867&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s10705-009-9302-7&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_wagen%3E2259828867%3C/proquest_wagen%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-98897c3ff0e0223d24399cf614780855be063e9b80cd189e39ebfaeae7e668a3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2259828867&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |