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Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands

Managed grasslands are occasionally ploughed up and reseeded in order to maintain or increase the sward productivity. It has been reported that this renovation of grassland is associated with a flush of soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization and with a temporary increase in soil mineral N contents...

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Published in:Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 2010-04, Vol.86 (3), p.401-412
Main Authors: Velthof, G. L, Hoving, I. E, Dolfing, J, Smit, A, Kuikman, P. J, Oenema, O
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container_title Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems
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description Managed grasslands are occasionally ploughed up and reseeded in order to maintain or increase the sward productivity. It has been reported that this renovation of grassland is associated with a flush of soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization and with a temporary increase in soil mineral N contents. Here, we report on the effects of method and time of grassland renovation on herbage yield, nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) leaching and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (two sandy soils and a clay soil) in the Netherlands for three years. Renovation of grassland increased the percentage of Perennial ryegrass from 48-70% up to more than 90%. However, averaged over three years, dry matter yields were higher for the reference (not reseeded) swards (on average 13.6 Mg ha⁻¹ for the highest N application rate) than for the renovated grasslands (12.2-13.1 Mg ha⁻¹ dry matter). Grassland renovation in April did not increase N leaching in comparison to the reference. However, renovation in September increased the risk of leaching, because mineral N contents in the 0-90 cm were in November on average 46-77 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than in the reference. Contents of dissolved organic N (DON) in the soil were not affected by renovation. Renovation increased N₂O emissions by a factor of 1.8-3.0 relative to the reference grassland. Emissions of N₂O were on average higher after renovation in April (8.2 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹) than in September (5.8 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹). Renovation without ploughing (i.e. only chemically destruction of the sward) resulted in a lower percentage of perennial ryegrass (60-84%) than with ploughing (>90%). Moreover, N₂O emissions were higher after renovation without ploughing than with ploughing. Clearly, farmers need better recommendations and tools for determining when grassland renovation has beneficial agronomic effects. Losses of N via leaching and N₂O emission after renovation can probably not be avoided, but renovation in spring in stead of autumn in combination with ploughing and proper timing of fertilizer application can minimize N losses.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s10705-009-9302-7
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L ; Hoving, I. E ; Dolfing, J ; Smit, A ; Kuikman, P. J ; Oenema, O</creator><creatorcontrib>Velthof, G. L ; Hoving, I. E ; Dolfing, J ; Smit, A ; Kuikman, P. J ; Oenema, O</creatorcontrib><description>Managed grasslands are occasionally ploughed up and reseeded in order to maintain or increase the sward productivity. It has been reported that this renovation of grassland is associated with a flush of soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization and with a temporary increase in soil mineral N contents. Here, we report on the effects of method and time of grassland renovation on herbage yield, nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) leaching and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (two sandy soils and a clay soil) in the Netherlands for three years. Renovation of grassland increased the percentage of Perennial ryegrass from 48-70% up to more than 90%. 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Moreover, N₂O emissions were higher after renovation without ploughing than with ploughing. Clearly, farmers need better recommendations and tools for determining when grassland renovation has beneficial agronomic effects. 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E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolfing, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smit, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuikman, P. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oenema, O</creatorcontrib><title>Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands</title><title>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems</title><addtitle>Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst</addtitle><description>Managed grasslands are occasionally ploughed up and reseeded in order to maintain or increase the sward productivity. It has been reported that this renovation of grassland is associated with a flush of soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization and with a temporary increase in soil mineral N contents. Here, we report on the effects of method and time of grassland renovation on herbage yield, nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) leaching and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (two sandy soils and a clay soil) in the Netherlands for three years. Renovation of grassland increased the percentage of Perennial ryegrass from 48-70% up to more than 90%. However, averaged over three years, dry matter yields were higher for the reference (not reseeded) swards (on average 13.6 Mg ha⁻¹ for the highest N application rate) than for the renovated grasslands (12.2-13.1 Mg ha⁻¹ dry matter). Grassland renovation in April did not increase N leaching in comparison to the reference. However, renovation in September increased the risk of leaching, because mineral N contents in the 0-90 cm were in November on average 46-77 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than in the reference. Contents of dissolved organic N (DON) in the soil were not affected by renovation. Renovation increased N₂O emissions by a factor of 1.8-3.0 relative to the reference grassland. 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Here, we report on the effects of method and time of grassland renovation on herbage yield, nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) leaching and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (two sandy soils and a clay soil) in the Netherlands for three years. Renovation of grassland increased the percentage of Perennial ryegrass from 48-70% up to more than 90%. However, averaged over three years, dry matter yields were higher for the reference (not reseeded) swards (on average 13.6 Mg ha⁻¹ for the highest N application rate) than for the renovated grasslands (12.2-13.1 Mg ha⁻¹ dry matter). Grassland renovation in April did not increase N leaching in comparison to the reference. However, renovation in September increased the risk of leaching, because mineral N contents in the 0-90 cm were in November on average 46-77 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than in the reference. Contents of dissolved organic N (DON) in the soil were not affected by renovation. Renovation increased N₂O emissions by a factor of 1.8-3.0 relative to the reference grassland. Emissions of N₂O were on average higher after renovation in April (8.2 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹) than in September (5.8 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹). Renovation without ploughing (i.e. only chemically destruction of the sward) resulted in a lower percentage of perennial ryegrass (60-84%) than with ploughing (&gt;90%). Moreover, N₂O emissions were higher after renovation without ploughing than with ploughing. Clearly, farmers need better recommendations and tools for determining when grassland renovation has beneficial agronomic effects. Losses of N via leaching and N₂O emission after renovation can probably not be avoided, but renovation in spring in stead of autumn in combination with ploughing and proper timing of fertilizer application can minimize N losses.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s10705-009-9302-7</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1385-1314
ispartof Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, 2010-04, Vol.86 (3), p.401-412
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source Springer Nature
subjects Agriculture
Agronomy
application timing
Biomedical and Life Sciences
botanical composition
Clay minerals
Clay soils
clover
crop yield
cultivation
decision making
dissolved organic nitrogen
Dry matter
dry matter accumulation
Emission
Emissions
fertilizer
Fertilizer application
field experimentation
Field tests
gas emissions
Grassland management
Grasslands
herbicides
intensive farming
Leaching
Life Sciences
losses from soil
Mineralization
netherlands
nitrate nitrogen
Nitrates
Nitrogen
nitrogen fertilizers
Nitrous oxide
Organic chemistry
Organic nitrogen
Organic soils
pasture
Plant growth
plowing
range management
Research Article
Sandy soils
seasonal variation
soil
soil organic matter
Sward
swards
title Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands
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