Climate is a stronger driver of tree and forest growth rates than soil and disturbance

• Published in: The Journal of ecology 2011-01, Vol.99 (1), p.254-264
• Main Authors: Toledo, Marisol, Poorter, Lourens, Peña‐Claros, Marielos, Alarcón, Alfredo, Balcázar, Julio, Leaño, Claudio, Licona, Juan Carlos, Llanque, Oscar, Vroomans, Vincent, Zuidema, Pieter, Bongers, Frans
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: amazonian forests; Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; basal area; Biological and medical sciences; Biomass; Bolivia; carbon dynamics; carbon sequestration; Climate; climate change; diameter increment; disturbance; disturbed soils; dry forests; Forest ecology; Forest growth; Forest soils; forest trees; Forestry; french-guiana; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; General forest ecology; Generalities. Production, biomass. Quality of wood and forest products. General forest ecology; growth rate; Logging; long-term plots; lowland forests; neotropical forest; nitrogen; nutrient limitation; nutrients; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilization; Plant ecology; Plant growth; Plant-climate interactions; Rain; rainfall; Regression analysis; silvicultural treatments; soil; Soil ecology; Soil fertility; Soils; space and time; temperature; Tree growth; Trees; tropical forest; Tropical forests; Tropical rain forests; tropical rain-forest; water resources
• ISSN: 0022-0477; 1365-2745
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01741.x

1. Essential resources such as water, nutrients and light vary over space and time and plant growth rates are expected to vary accordingly. We examined the effects of climate, soil and logging disturbances on diameter growth rates at the tree and stand level, using 165 1‐ha permanent sample plots distributed across Bolivian tropical lowland forests. 2. We predicted that growth rates would be higher in humid than in dry forests, higher in nutrient‐rich than nutrient‐poor forests and higher in logged than non‐logged forests. 3. Across the 165 plots we found positive basal area increases at the stand level, which agree with the generally reported biomass increases in tropical forests. 4. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that climate variables, in particular water availability, were the strongest drivers of tree growth. More rainfall, a shorter and less intense dry period and higher temperatures led to higher tree growth rates. 5. Tree growth increased modestly with soil fertility and basal area growth was greatest at intermediate soil fertility. Surprisingly, tree growth showed little or no relationship with total soil nitrogen or plant available soil phosphorus. 6. Growth rates increased in logged plots just after logging, but this effect disappeared after 6 years. 7. Synthesis. Climate is the strongest driver of spatial variation in tree growth, and climate change may therefore have large consequences for forest productivity and carbon sequestration. The negative impact of decreased rainfall and increased rainfall seasonality on tree growth might be partly offset by the positive impact of increased temperature in these forests.