Parental control and the dopamine D2 receptor gene ( DRD2) interaction on emotional eating in adolescence

• Published in: Appetite 2010-04, Vol.54 (2), p.255-261
• Main Authors: van Strien, Tatjana, Snoek, Harriëtte M., van der Zwaluw, Carmen S., Engels, Rutger C.M.E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: adjustment; Adolescence; Adolescent; adolescent nutrition; Adverse rearing; Alleles; behavior; Biological and medical sciences; depression; dopamine; dopamine D2 receptor gene; Dopamine: DRD2; Eating - genetics; Eating - psychology; eating habits; Emotional eating; Emotions; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Follow-Up Studies; food; food choices; food intake; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; genotype-environment interaction; Humans; Interaction; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; nutrition-genotype interaction; Obesity - genetics; overweight; Parent-Child Relations; parental role; Parenting - psychology; parents; polymorphism; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prospective Studies; Psychological control; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; receptors; Receptors, Dopamine D2 - genetics; reward; Risk Factors; sensitivity; stress; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
• ISSN: 0195-6663; 1095-8304
• DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.11.006

The present study addresses the emergence of emotional eating in adolescence in relation to maternal or paternal psychological control. A reduction of food intake is considered the biological natural response to distress, therefore we tested whether the a-typical stress response of emotional eating develops in interaction with genetic vulnerability. Carrying the A1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor ( DRD2) gene Taq1A polymorphism (rs1800497) is associated with reduced dopamine D2 receptor availability in the brain. We hypothesized that carrying this allele would confer risk for the development of emotional eating, particularly so in adolescents with adverse rearing experiences. Participants were 279 Dutch adolescents (average age of 13.4) that participated in a prospective study with a four-year follow-up. We found a moderator effect of DRD2 genotype on the relation between both maternal and paternal psychological control and increases in emotional eating in both sexes. Adolescents showed only an increase in emotional eating in relation to high psychological control if they carried at least one DRD2 A1 allele. This study is the first to show that the relationship between adverse rearing experiences and emotional eating might be dependent on genetic make-up.