Desulfosporosinus acididurans sp. nov.: an acidophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from acidic sediments

• Published in: Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions 2015, Vol.19 (1), p.39-47
• Main Authors: Sánchez-Andrea, Irene, Stams, Alfons J. M., Hedrich, Sabrina, Ňancucheo, Ivan, Johnson, D. Barrie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aluminum; Anaerobiosis; Bacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; bioremediation; Biotechnology; Contaminated sediments; DNA, Bacterial - genetics; Ethanol; Freshwater; gen. nov; Genomics; Geologic Sediments - microbiology; Gram-Negative Bacteria - classification; Gram-Negative Bacteria - genetics; Gram-Negative Bacteria - physiology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Life Sciences; low ph; microbial communities; Microbial Ecology; Microbiology; Microorganisms; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; mine drainage; Organic acids; Original Paper; Oxygen - chemistry; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; reduction; Rivers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; Spain; Sulfate reduction; Sulfates; Sulfates - chemistry; sulfidogenesis; Sulfur; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria - classification; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria - genetics; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria - physiology; Temperature; transition-metals; water lake-sediments; West Indies; Yeasts
• ISSN: 1431-0651; 1433-4909
• DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0701-6

Three strains of sulfate-reducing bacteria (M1 T , D, and E) were isolated from acidic sediments (White river and Tinto river) and characterized phylogenetically and physiologically. All three strains were obligately anaerobic, mesophilic, spore-forming straight rods, stained Gram-negative and displayed variable motility during active growth. The pH range for growth was 3.8–7.0, with an optimum at pH 5.5. The temperature range for growth was 15–40 °C, with an optimum at 30 °C. Strains M1 T , D, and E used a wide range of electron donors and acceptors, with certain variability within the different strains. The nominated type strain (M1 T ) used ferric iron, nitrate, sulfate, elemental sulfur, and thiosulfate (but not arsenate, sulfite, or fumarate) as electron acceptors, and organic acids (formate, lactate, butyrate, fumarate, malate, and pyruvate), alcohols (glycerol, methanol, and ethanol), yeast extract, and sugars (xylose, glucose, and fructose) as electron donors. It also fermented some substrates such as pyruvate and formate. Strain M1 T tolerated up to 50 mM ferrous iron and 10 mM aluminum, but was inhibited by 1 mM copper. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genetic characteristics, strains M1 T , D, and E represent a novel species within the genus Desulfosporosinus , for which the name Desulfosporosinus acididurans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M1 T (=DSM 27692 T  = JCM 19471 T ). Strain M1 T was the first acidophilic SRB isolated, and it is the third described species of acidophilic SRB besides Desulfosporosinus acidiphilus and Thermodesulfobium narugense .