Soil variability and crop yield gaps in two village landscapes of Burkina Faso

Low crop yields in the savannah zones of West Africa are commonly attributed to rainfall deficits and poor soil fertility. In this study, an assessment was made on how the position of fields belonging to different farm types can explain soil variability and related crop yield gaps in two villages in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 2016-07, Vol.105 (3), p.199-216
Main Authors: Diarisso, Tidiane, Corbeels, Marc, Andrieu, Nadine, Djamen, Patrice, Douzet, Jean-Marie, Tittonell, Pablo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Crop yield
Crops
Farm typology
Farms
Fertilizer application
Fertilizers
Life Sciences
Nutrient balances
Nutrients
Organic fertilizers
Original Article
Rainfall
Resource use efficiency
Socioeconomic factors
Soil fertility
Soil fertility gradients
Soils
West Africa
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Summary:Low crop yields in the savannah zones of West Africa are commonly attributed to rainfall deficits and poor soil fertility. In this study, an assessment was made on how the position of fields belonging to different farm types can explain soil variability and related crop yield gaps in two villages in Burkina Faso, Yilou and Koumbia, located, respectively, in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian agro-ecological zones. In each village, four farm types were identified. Soil fertility was generally poor and use of nutrient inputs low in most of the farmer’s fields . As a consequence, yields for most crops were low, but differences among farm types were found, which can be linked to their socioeconomic characteristics that influence the amount of inputs used. Application of fertilizers differed also between fields within farms and tended to be greater on the fields near the homesteads in the village of Yilou, especially for organic fertilizers. At both villages, the rates of N and K inputs were insufficient to compensate for their respective output rates, leading to negative partial nutrient balances . The existence of patchworks of soil fertility gives rise to a wide variation in crop responses to fertilizers. Exploitable yield gaps were substantial and to a large extent related to the low fertility status of soils and sub-optimal fertilizer applications.
ISSN:1385-1314
1573-0867
DOI:10.1007/s10705-015-9705-6