A Survey on Occurrence of Melamine and Its Analogues in Tainted Infant Formula in China

Objective To investigate the occurrence and concentrations of melamine and its analogues in tainted infant formula and to identify the etiologic factors for the urinary stones epidemic in infants and young children in China in 2008. Methods Sanlu infant formula samples were collected from families o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedical and environmental sciences 2009-04, Vol.22 (2), p.95-99
Main Authors: WU, Yong-Ning, ZHAO, Yun-Feng, LI, Jin-Guang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
China
Cyanuric acid
Dairy products
Flame Retardants - analysis
Food Contamination
Humans
Infant
Infant Formula - chemistry
Melamine
Powdered infant formula
Triazines - chemistry
婴儿配方奶
尿路结石
异氰尿酸
类似物
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Summary:Objective To investigate the occurrence and concentrations of melamine and its analogues in tainted infant formula and to identify the etiologic factors for the urinary stones epidemic in infants and young children in China in 2008. Methods Sanlu infant formula samples were collected from families of the affected children in Gansu province, and markets in Gansu and Hebei provinces and Beijing city. Melamine and its analogues, including cyanuric acid, ammeline, and ammelide were measured by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Results High prevalence and concentrations of melamine were found in Sanlu infant formula samples, with low concentrations of cyanuric acid, ammeline and ammelide. Melamine were detected in 87 out of 111 Sanlu infant formula samples with a range of 118 to 4 700 mg/kg, Conclusion The results provide strong evidence for melamine as the etiological factor for the urinary stones epidemic in infants and young children in China in 2008.
ISSN:0895-3988
2214-0190
DOI:10.1016/S0895-3988(09)60028-3