Inaccuracy of Self-reported Low Sodium Diet among Chinese: Findings from Baseline Survey for Shandong & Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) Project

This study was aimed to evaluate the agreement between the self-reported sodium intake level and 24-h urine sodium excretion level in Chinese. The 24-h urine collection was conducted among 2112 adults aged 18–69 years randomly selected in Shandong Province, China. The subjects were asked whether the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedical and environmental sciences 2015-02, Vol.28 (2), p.161-167
Main Authors: ZHANG, Juan, GUO, Xiao Lei, SEO, Dong Chul, XU, Ai Qiang, XUN, Peng Cheng, MA, Ji Xiang, SHI, Xiao Ming, LI, Nicole, YAN, Liu Xia, LI, Yuan, LU, Zi Long, ZHANG, Ji Yu, TANG, Jun Li, REN, Jie, ZHAO, Wen Hua, LIANG, Xiao Feng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Awareness
China - epidemiology
Diet Records
Diet Surveys
Diet, Sodium-Restricted
Female
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Humans
Hypertension - epidemiology
Hypertension - prevention & control
Male
Rural Population
Sodium - urine
Sodium Chloride - adverse effects
Sodium, Dietary - administration & dosage
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult
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Summary:This study was aimed to evaluate the agreement between the self-reported sodium intake level and 24-h urine sodium excretion level in Chinese. The 24-h urine collection was conducted among 2112 adults aged 18–69 years randomly selected in Shandong Province, China. The subjects were asked whether their sodium intake was low, moderate, or high. The weighted kappa statistics was calculated to assess the agreement between 24-h urine sodium excretion level and self-reported sodium intake level. One third of the subjects reported low sodium intake level. About 70% of the subjects had mean 24-h sodium excretion >9 g/d, but reported low or moderate sodium intake. The agreement between self-reported sodium intake level and 24-h urine sodium excretion level was low in both normotensive subjects and hypertensive subjects. These findings suggested that many subjects who reported low sodium intake had actual urine sodium excretion >9 g/d. Sodium intake is often underestimated in both hypertensive and normotensive participants in China.
ISSN:0895-3988
2214-0190
DOI:10.3967/bes2015.022