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Process and challenges of stainless steel based bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) powered automobiles have been recognized to be the ultimate solution to replace traditional fuel automobiles because of their advantages of PEMFCs such as no pollution, low temperature start-up, high energy density, and low noise. As one of the core compone...
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Published in: | International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials metallurgy and materials, 2022-05, Vol.29 (5), p.1099-1119 |
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description | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) powered automobiles have been recognized to be the ultimate solution to replace traditional fuel automobiles because of their advantages of PEMFCs such as no pollution, low temperature start-up, high energy density, and low noise. As one of the core components, the bipolar plates (BPs) play an important role in the PEMFC stack. Traditional graphite BPs and composite BPs have been criticized for their shortcomings such as low strength, high brittleness, and high processing cost. In contrast, stainless steel BPs (SSBPs) have recently attracted much attention of domestic and foreign researchers because of their excellent comprehensive performance, low cost, and diverse options for automobile applications. However, the SSBPs are prone to corrosion and passivation in the PEMFC working environment, which lead to reduced output power or premature failure. This review is aimed to summarize the corrosion and passivation mechanisms, characterizations and evaluation, and the surface modification technologies in the current SSBPs research. The non-coating and coating technical routes of SSBPs are demonstrated, such as substrate component regulation, thermal nitriding, electroplating, ion plating, chemical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition, etc. Alternative coating materials for SSBPs are metal coatings, metal nitride coatings, conductive polymer coatings, and polymer/carbon coatings, etc. Both the surface modification technologies can solve the corrosion resistance problem of stainless steel without affecting the contact resistance, however still facing restraints such as long-time stability, feasibility of low-cost, and mass production process. This paper is believed to enrich the knowledge of high-performance and long-life BPs applied for PEMFC automobiles. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12613-022-2485-5 |
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As one of the core components, the bipolar plates (BPs) play an important role in the PEMFC stack. Traditional graphite BPs and composite BPs have been criticized for their shortcomings such as low strength, high brittleness, and high processing cost. In contrast, stainless steel BPs (SSBPs) have recently attracted much attention of domestic and foreign researchers because of their excellent comprehensive performance, low cost, and diverse options for automobile applications. However, the SSBPs are prone to corrosion and passivation in the PEMFC working environment, which lead to reduced output power or premature failure. This review is aimed to summarize the corrosion and passivation mechanisms, characterizations and evaluation, and the surface modification technologies in the current SSBPs research. The non-coating and coating technical routes of SSBPs are demonstrated, such as substrate component regulation, thermal nitriding, electroplating, ion plating, chemical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition, etc. Alternative coating materials for SSBPs are metal coatings, metal nitride coatings, conductive polymer coatings, and polymer/carbon coatings, etc. Both the surface modification technologies can solve the corrosion resistance problem of stainless steel without affecting the contact resistance, however still facing restraints such as long-time stability, feasibility of low-cost, and mass production process. This paper is believed to enrich the knowledge of high-performance and long-life BPs applied for PEMFC automobiles.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1674-4799</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1869-103X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12613-022-2485-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing</publisher><subject>Automobiles ; Automotive fuels ; Ceramics ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemical vapor deposition ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Coatings ; Composites ; Conducting polymers ; Contact resistance ; Corrosion ; Corrosion and Coatings ; Corrosion resistance ; Corrosion resistant steels ; Electroplating ; Fuel cells ; Fuel technology ; Glass ; Invited Review ; Ion plating ; Low cost ; Low noise ; Low temperature ; Mass production ; Materials Science ; Metal coatings ; Metal nitrides ; Metallic Materials ; Motor vehicles ; Natural Materials ; Passivity ; Physical vapor deposition ; Plates ; Polymer coatings ; Polymers ; Protective coatings ; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; Protons ; Stainless steel ; Stainless steels ; Substrates ; Surfaces and Interfaces ; Thin Films ; Tribology ; Working conditions</subject><ispartof>International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials, 2022-05, Vol.29 (5), p.1099-1119</ispartof><rights>University of Science and Technology Beijing 2022</rights><rights>University of Science and Technology Beijing 2022.</rights><rights>Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c282t-9478de50f97056a9b271fd4c8088356c0b544ac3d67cb3c72d1a3233e01277143</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c282t-9478de50f97056a9b271fd4c8088356c0b544ac3d67cb3c72d1a3233e01277143</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/images/PeriodicalImages/bjkjdxxb-e/bjkjdxxb-e.jpg</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Gaoyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Faguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Shanlong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xindong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Baizeng</creatorcontrib><title>Process and challenges of stainless steel based bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells</title><title>International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials</title><addtitle>Int J Miner Metall Mater</addtitle><description>Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) powered automobiles have been recognized to be the ultimate solution to replace traditional fuel automobiles because of their advantages of PEMFCs such as no pollution, low temperature start-up, high energy density, and low noise. As one of the core components, the bipolar plates (BPs) play an important role in the PEMFC stack. Traditional graphite BPs and composite BPs have been criticized for their shortcomings such as low strength, high brittleness, and high processing cost. In contrast, stainless steel BPs (SSBPs) have recently attracted much attention of domestic and foreign researchers because of their excellent comprehensive performance, low cost, and diverse options for automobile applications. However, the SSBPs are prone to corrosion and passivation in the PEMFC working environment, which lead to reduced output power or premature failure. This review is aimed to summarize the corrosion and passivation mechanisms, characterizations and evaluation, and the surface modification technologies in the current SSBPs research. The non-coating and coating technical routes of SSBPs are demonstrated, such as substrate component regulation, thermal nitriding, electroplating, ion plating, chemical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition, etc. Alternative coating materials for SSBPs are metal coatings, metal nitride coatings, conductive polymer coatings, and polymer/carbon coatings, etc. Both the surface modification technologies can solve the corrosion resistance problem of stainless steel without affecting the contact resistance, however still facing restraints such as long-time stability, feasibility of low-cost, and mass production process. This paper is believed to enrich the knowledge of high-performance and long-life BPs applied for PEMFC automobiles.</description><subject>Automobiles</subject><subject>Automotive fuels</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemical vapor deposition</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Coatings</subject><subject>Composites</subject><subject>Conducting polymers</subject><subject>Contact resistance</subject><subject>Corrosion</subject><subject>Corrosion and Coatings</subject><subject>Corrosion resistance</subject><subject>Corrosion resistant steels</subject><subject>Electroplating</subject><subject>Fuel cells</subject><subject>Fuel technology</subject><subject>Glass</subject><subject>Invited Review</subject><subject>Ion plating</subject><subject>Low cost</subject><subject>Low noise</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Mass production</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Metal coatings</subject><subject>Metal nitrides</subject><subject>Metallic Materials</subject><subject>Motor vehicles</subject><subject>Natural Materials</subject><subject>Passivity</subject><subject>Physical vapor deposition</subject><subject>Plates</subject><subject>Polymer coatings</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Protective coatings</subject><subject>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells</subject><subject>Protons</subject><subject>Stainless steel</subject><subject>Stainless steels</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><subject>Tribology</subject><subject>Working conditions</subject><issn>1674-4799</issn><issn>1869-103X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kE1LxDAURYsoOI7-AHcBl1J9-WqapQx-wYAuFNyFNE10aqYZkw6O_96UCrNylQc55-blFsU5hisMIK4TJhWmJRBSElbzkh8UM1xXssRA3w7zXAlWMiHlcXGSUgdQCQFiVrjnGIxNCem-ReZDe2_7d5tQcCgNetX78S4N1nrU6GRb1Kw2weuINl4PmXMhjzEMoUd2l_0so7VdN1H3Frlt1oz1Pp0WR077ZM_-znnxenf7sngol0_3j4ubZWlITYZSMlG3loOTAnilZUMEdi0zNdQ15ZWBhjOmDW0rYRpqBGmxpoRSC5gIgRmdF5dT7rfuXV5GdWEb-_yiarrPrt3tGmVJLgk44CrTFxOdf_C1tWnY40RiKYFTOmbiiTIxpBStU5u4Wuv4ozCosXw1la9yrhrLVzw7ZHJSZnMncZ_8v_QLX-GG7w</recordid><startdate>20220501</startdate><enddate>20220501</enddate><creator>Liu, Gaoyang</creator><creator>Hou, Faguo</creator><creator>Peng, Shanlong</creator><creator>Wang, Xindong</creator><creator>Fang, Baizeng</creator><general>University of Science and Technology Beijing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China</general><general>School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China%Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,University of British Columbia,2360 East Mall,Vancouver,BC V6T 1Z3,Canada</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>2B.</scope><scope>4A8</scope><scope>92I</scope><scope>93N</scope><scope>PSX</scope><scope>TCJ</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220501</creationdate><title>Process and challenges of stainless steel based bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells</title><author>Liu, Gaoyang ; Hou, Faguo ; Peng, Shanlong ; Wang, Xindong ; Fang, Baizeng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c282t-9478de50f97056a9b271fd4c8088356c0b544ac3d67cb3c72d1a3233e01277143</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Automobiles</topic><topic>Automotive fuels</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemical vapor deposition</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Coatings</topic><topic>Composites</topic><topic>Conducting polymers</topic><topic>Contact resistance</topic><topic>Corrosion</topic><topic>Corrosion and Coatings</topic><topic>Corrosion resistance</topic><topic>Corrosion resistant steels</topic><topic>Electroplating</topic><topic>Fuel cells</topic><topic>Fuel technology</topic><topic>Glass</topic><topic>Invited Review</topic><topic>Ion plating</topic><topic>Low cost</topic><topic>Low noise</topic><topic>Low temperature</topic><topic>Mass production</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Metal coatings</topic><topic>Metal nitrides</topic><topic>Metallic Materials</topic><topic>Motor vehicles</topic><topic>Natural Materials</topic><topic>Passivity</topic><topic>Physical vapor deposition</topic><topic>Plates</topic><topic>Polymer coatings</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Protective coatings</topic><topic>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells</topic><topic>Protons</topic><topic>Stainless steel</topic><topic>Stainless steels</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Surfaces and Interfaces</topic><topic>Thin Films</topic><topic>Tribology</topic><topic>Working conditions</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Gaoyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Faguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Shanlong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xindong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Baizeng</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>https://resources.nclive.org/materials</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Wanfang Data Journals - Hong Kong</collection><collection>WANFANG Data Centre</collection><collection>Wanfang Data Journals</collection><collection>万方数据期刊 - 香港版</collection><collection>China Online Journals (COJ)</collection><collection>China Online Journals (COJ)</collection><jtitle>International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Gaoyang</au><au>Hou, Faguo</au><au>Peng, Shanlong</au><au>Wang, Xindong</au><au>Fang, Baizeng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Process and challenges of stainless steel based bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells</atitle><jtitle>International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials</jtitle><stitle>Int J Miner Metall Mater</stitle><date>2022-05-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1099</spage><epage>1119</epage><pages>1099-1119</pages><issn>1674-4799</issn><eissn>1869-103X</eissn><abstract>Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) powered automobiles have been recognized to be the ultimate solution to replace traditional fuel automobiles because of their advantages of PEMFCs such as no pollution, low temperature start-up, high energy density, and low noise. As one of the core components, the bipolar plates (BPs) play an important role in the PEMFC stack. Traditional graphite BPs and composite BPs have been criticized for their shortcomings such as low strength, high brittleness, and high processing cost. In contrast, stainless steel BPs (SSBPs) have recently attracted much attention of domestic and foreign researchers because of their excellent comprehensive performance, low cost, and diverse options for automobile applications. However, the SSBPs are prone to corrosion and passivation in the PEMFC working environment, which lead to reduced output power or premature failure. This review is aimed to summarize the corrosion and passivation mechanisms, characterizations and evaluation, and the surface modification technologies in the current SSBPs research. The non-coating and coating technical routes of SSBPs are demonstrated, such as substrate component regulation, thermal nitriding, electroplating, ion plating, chemical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition, etc. Alternative coating materials for SSBPs are metal coatings, metal nitride coatings, conductive polymer coatings, and polymer/carbon coatings, etc. Both the surface modification technologies can solve the corrosion resistance problem of stainless steel without affecting the contact resistance, however still facing restraints such as long-time stability, feasibility of low-cost, and mass production process. This paper is believed to enrich the knowledge of high-performance and long-life BPs applied for PEMFC automobiles.</abstract><cop>Beijing</cop><pub>University of Science and Technology Beijing</pub><doi>10.1007/s12613-022-2485-5</doi><tpages>21</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Automobiles Automotive fuels Ceramics Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemical vapor deposition Chemistry and Materials Science Coatings Composites Conducting polymers Contact resistance Corrosion Corrosion and Coatings Corrosion resistance Corrosion resistant steels Electroplating Fuel cells Fuel technology Glass Invited Review Ion plating Low cost Low noise Low temperature Mass production Materials Science Metal coatings Metal nitrides Metallic Materials Motor vehicles Natural Materials Passivity Physical vapor deposition Plates Polymer coatings Polymers Protective coatings Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Protons Stainless steel Stainless steels Substrates Surfaces and Interfaces Thin Films Tribology Working conditions |
title | Process and challenges of stainless steel based bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells |
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