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Impact of the Pacific-Japan Teleconnection Pattern on July Sea Fog over the Northwestern Pacific: Interannual Variations and Global Warming Effect
The northwestern Pacific (NWP) is a fog-prone area, especially the ocean east of the Kuril Islands. The present study analyzes how the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern influences July sea fog in the fog-prone area using independent datasets. The covariation between the PJ index and sea fog...
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Published in: | Advances in atmospheric sciences 2016-04, Vol.33 (4), p.511-521 |
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description | The northwestern Pacific (NWP) is a fog-prone area, especially the ocean east of the Kuril Islands. The present study analyzes how the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern influences July sea fog in the fog-prone area using independent datasets. The covariation between the PJ index and sea fog frequency (SFF) index in July indicates a close correlation, with a coefficient of 0.62 exceeding the 99% confidence level. Composite analysis based on the PJ index, a case study, and model analysis based on GFDL-ESM2M, show that in high PJ index years the convection over the east of the Philippines strengthens and then triggers a Rossby wave, which propagates northward to maintain an anticyclonic anomaly in the midlatitudes, indicating a northeastward shift of the NWP subtropical high. The anticyclonic anomaly facilitates the formation of relatively stable atmospheric stratification or even an inversion layer in the lower level of the troposphere, and strengthens the horizontal southerly moisture transportation from the tropical-subtropical oceans to the fog-prone area. On the other hand, a greater meridional SST gradient over the cold flank of the Kuroshio Extension, due to ocean downwelling, is produced by the anticyclonic wind stress anomaly. Both of these two aspects are favorable for the warm and humid air to cool, condense, and form fog droplets, when air masses cross the SST front. The opposite circumstances occur in low PJ index years, which are not conducive to the formation of sea fog. Finally, a multi-model ensemble mean projection reveals a prominent downward trend of the PJ index after the 2030s, implying a possible decline of the SFF in this period. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00376-015-5097-4 |
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The present study analyzes how the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern influences July sea fog in the fog-prone area using independent datasets. The covariation between the PJ index and sea fog frequency (SFF) index in July indicates a close correlation, with a coefficient of 0.62 exceeding the 99% confidence level. Composite analysis based on the PJ index, a case study, and model analysis based on GFDL-ESM2M, show that in high PJ index years the convection over the east of the Philippines strengthens and then triggers a Rossby wave, which propagates northward to maintain an anticyclonic anomaly in the midlatitudes, indicating a northeastward shift of the NWP subtropical high. The anticyclonic anomaly facilitates the formation of relatively stable atmospheric stratification or even an inversion layer in the lower level of the troposphere, and strengthens the horizontal southerly moisture transportation from the tropical-subtropical oceans to the fog-prone area. On the other hand, a greater meridional SST gradient over the cold flank of the Kuroshio Extension, due to ocean downwelling, is produced by the anticyclonic wind stress anomaly. Both of these two aspects are favorable for the warm and humid air to cool, condense, and form fog droplets, when air masses cross the SST front. The opposite circumstances occur in low PJ index years, which are not conducive to the formation of sea fog. Finally, a multi-model ensemble mean projection reveals a prominent downward trend of the PJ index after the 2030s, implying a possible decline of the SFF in this period.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0256-1530</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1861-9533</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00376-015-5097-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Heidelberg: Science Press</publisher><subject>Air masses ; Atmospheric Sciences ; Climate change ; Climate variability ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Fog ; Geophysics/Geodesy ; Global warming ; Meteorology ; Ocean temperature ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Oceans ; Teleconnections ; Troposphere ; 全球变暖 ; 年际变化 ; 日本 ; 海雾 ; 热带海洋 ; 西北太平洋 ; 遥相关型 ; 风应力异常</subject><ispartof>Advances in atmospheric sciences, 2016-04, Vol.33 (4), p.511-521</ispartof><rights>Chinese National Committee for International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016</rights><rights>Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-1584af55169e44f1ee302493fd62ba6c1cc19e80570ab858d978116dedbdb2a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-1584af55169e44f1ee302493fd62ba6c1cc19e80570ab858d978116dedbdb2a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://image.cqvip.com/vip1000/qk/84334X/84334X.jpg</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27898,27899</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Long, Jingchao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Suping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jingwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Geng</creatorcontrib><title>Impact of the Pacific-Japan Teleconnection Pattern on July Sea Fog over the Northwestern Pacific: Interannual Variations and Global Warming Effect</title><title>Advances in atmospheric sciences</title><addtitle>Adv. Atmos. Sci</addtitle><addtitle>Advances in Atmospheric Sciences</addtitle><description>The northwestern Pacific (NWP) is a fog-prone area, especially the ocean east of the Kuril Islands. The present study analyzes how the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern influences July sea fog in the fog-prone area using independent datasets. The covariation between the PJ index and sea fog frequency (SFF) index in July indicates a close correlation, with a coefficient of 0.62 exceeding the 99% confidence level. Composite analysis based on the PJ index, a case study, and model analysis based on GFDL-ESM2M, show that in high PJ index years the convection over the east of the Philippines strengthens and then triggers a Rossby wave, which propagates northward to maintain an anticyclonic anomaly in the midlatitudes, indicating a northeastward shift of the NWP subtropical high. The anticyclonic anomaly facilitates the formation of relatively stable atmospheric stratification or even an inversion layer in the lower level of the troposphere, and strengthens the horizontal southerly moisture transportation from the tropical-subtropical oceans to the fog-prone area. On the other hand, a greater meridional SST gradient over the cold flank of the Kuroshio Extension, due to ocean downwelling, is produced by the anticyclonic wind stress anomaly. Both of these two aspects are favorable for the warm and humid air to cool, condense, and form fog droplets, when air masses cross the SST front. The opposite circumstances occur in low PJ index years, which are not conducive to the formation of sea fog. Finally, a multi-model ensemble mean projection reveals a prominent downward trend of the PJ index after the 2030s, implying a possible decline of the SFF in this period.</description><subject>Air masses</subject><subject>Atmospheric Sciences</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate variability</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Fog</subject><subject>Geophysics/Geodesy</subject><subject>Global warming</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Ocean temperature</subject><subject>Ocean-atmosphere interaction</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Teleconnections</subject><subject>Troposphere</subject><subject>全球变暖</subject><subject>年际变化</subject><subject>日本</subject><subject>海雾</subject><subject>热带海洋</subject><subject>西北太平洋</subject><subject>遥相关型</subject><subject>风应力异常</subject><issn>0256-1530</issn><issn>1861-9533</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9ksFu1DAQhiMEEkvhAbhZcIFDwJPEjn1EVVu2qgCJFRytiWNns2TtXTuhlOfgxLPwTrwC3mZVIQ6cbI2___9nNM6yp0BfAaX160hpWfOcAssZlXVe3csWIDjkkpXl_WxBC8ZzYCV9mD2KcZNoWQpYZD-W2x3qkXhLxrUhH1D3ttf5Je7QkZUZjPbOGT323qXHcTTBkXS9nIYb8tEgOfcd8V9NuFW_82FcX5t4Sx2tfv_6SZYuVdC5CQfyCUOPB7tI0LXkYvBNqn7GsO1dR86sTWGPswcWh2ieHM-TbHV-tjp9m1-9v1ievrnKdQV0TOOICi1jwKWpKgvGlLSoZGlbXjTINWgN0gjKaoqNYKKVtQDgrWmbtimwPMlezrbX6Cy6Tm38FFwKVO3-y7fNd2UKCpxWFGhiX8zsLvj9lEZU2z5qMwzojJ-igpozKQsBIqHP_0HvfBNVlIcmIVEwUzr4GIOxahf6LYYbBVQdVqrmlaq0UnVYqaqSppg1MbGuM-Ev5_-Inh2D1t51-6S7S-JcpF54-hZ_ANzzsNE</recordid><startdate>20160401</startdate><enddate>20160401</enddate><creator>Long, Jingchao</creator><creator>Zhang, Suping</creator><creator>Chen, Yang</creator><creator>Liu, Jingwu</creator><creator>Han, Geng</creator><general>Science Press</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100%Meteorological bureau of Quanzhou,Quanzhou,362000</general><scope>2RA</scope><scope>92L</scope><scope>CQIGP</scope><scope>W94</scope><scope>~WA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88F</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M1Q</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>2B.</scope><scope>4A8</scope><scope>92I</scope><scope>93N</scope><scope>PSX</scope><scope>TCJ</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160401</creationdate><title>Impact of the Pacific-Japan Teleconnection Pattern on July Sea Fog over the Northwestern Pacific: Interannual Variations and Global Warming Effect</title><author>Long, Jingchao ; Zhang, Suping ; Chen, Yang ; Liu, Jingwu ; Han, Geng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-1584af55169e44f1ee302493fd62ba6c1cc19e80570ab858d978116dedbdb2a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Air masses</topic><topic>Atmospheric Sciences</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climate variability</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Fog</topic><topic>Geophysics/Geodesy</topic><topic>Global warming</topic><topic>Meteorology</topic><topic>Ocean temperature</topic><topic>Ocean-atmosphere interaction</topic><topic>Oceans</topic><topic>Teleconnections</topic><topic>Troposphere</topic><topic>全球变暖</topic><topic>年际变化</topic><topic>日本</topic><topic>海雾</topic><topic>热带海洋</topic><topic>西北太平洋</topic><topic>遥相关型</topic><topic>风应力异常</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Long, Jingchao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Suping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jingwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Geng</creatorcontrib><collection>维普_期刊</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库-CALIS站点</collection><collection>维普中文期刊数据库</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库-自然科学</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库- 镜像站点</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Military Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Military Database</collection><collection>Science Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Wanfang Data Journals - Hong Kong</collection><collection>WANFANG Data Centre</collection><collection>Wanfang Data Journals</collection><collection>万方数据期刊 - 香港版</collection><collection>China Online Journals (COJ)</collection><collection>China Online Journals (COJ)</collection><jtitle>Advances in atmospheric sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Long, Jingchao</au><au>Zhang, Suping</au><au>Chen, Yang</au><au>Liu, Jingwu</au><au>Han, Geng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Impact of the Pacific-Japan Teleconnection Pattern on July Sea Fog over the Northwestern Pacific: Interannual Variations and Global Warming Effect</atitle><jtitle>Advances in atmospheric sciences</jtitle><stitle>Adv. Atmos. Sci</stitle><addtitle>Advances in Atmospheric Sciences</addtitle><date>2016-04-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>511</spage><epage>521</epage><pages>511-521</pages><issn>0256-1530</issn><eissn>1861-9533</eissn><abstract>The northwestern Pacific (NWP) is a fog-prone area, especially the ocean east of the Kuril Islands. The present study analyzes how the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern influences July sea fog in the fog-prone area using independent datasets. The covariation between the PJ index and sea fog frequency (SFF) index in July indicates a close correlation, with a coefficient of 0.62 exceeding the 99% confidence level. Composite analysis based on the PJ index, a case study, and model analysis based on GFDL-ESM2M, show that in high PJ index years the convection over the east of the Philippines strengthens and then triggers a Rossby wave, which propagates northward to maintain an anticyclonic anomaly in the midlatitudes, indicating a northeastward shift of the NWP subtropical high. The anticyclonic anomaly facilitates the formation of relatively stable atmospheric stratification or even an inversion layer in the lower level of the troposphere, and strengthens the horizontal southerly moisture transportation from the tropical-subtropical oceans to the fog-prone area. On the other hand, a greater meridional SST gradient over the cold flank of the Kuroshio Extension, due to ocean downwelling, is produced by the anticyclonic wind stress anomaly. Both of these two aspects are favorable for the warm and humid air to cool, condense, and form fog droplets, when air masses cross the SST front. The opposite circumstances occur in low PJ index years, which are not conducive to the formation of sea fog. Finally, a multi-model ensemble mean projection reveals a prominent downward trend of the PJ index after the 2030s, implying a possible decline of the SFF in this period.</abstract><cop>Heidelberg</cop><pub>Science Press</pub><doi>10.1007/s00376-015-5097-4</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Air masses Atmospheric Sciences Climate change Climate variability Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Fog Geophysics/Geodesy Global warming Meteorology Ocean temperature Ocean-atmosphere interaction Oceans Teleconnections Troposphere 全球变暖 年际变化 日本 海雾 热带海洋 西北太平洋 遥相关型 风应力异常 |
title | Impact of the Pacific-Japan Teleconnection Pattern on July Sea Fog over the Northwestern Pacific: Interannual Variations and Global Warming Effect |
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