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Impact of the Pacific-Japan Teleconnection Pattern on July Sea Fog over the Northwestern Pacific: Interannual Variations and Global Warming Effect

The northwestern Pacific (NWP) is a fog-prone area, especially the ocean east of the Kuril Islands. The present study analyzes how the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern influences July sea fog in the fog-prone area using independent datasets. The covariation between the PJ index and sea fog...

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Published in:Advances in atmospheric sciences 2016-04, Vol.33 (4), p.511-521
Main Authors: Long, Jingchao, Zhang, Suping, Chen, Yang, Liu, Jingwu, Han, Geng
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description The northwestern Pacific (NWP) is a fog-prone area, especially the ocean east of the Kuril Islands. The present study analyzes how the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern influences July sea fog in the fog-prone area using independent datasets. The covariation between the PJ index and sea fog frequency (SFF) index in July indicates a close correlation, with a coefficient of 0.62 exceeding the 99% confidence level. Composite analysis based on the PJ index, a case study, and model analysis based on GFDL-ESM2M, show that in high PJ index years the convection over the east of the Philippines strengthens and then triggers a Rossby wave, which propagates northward to maintain an anticyclonic anomaly in the midlatitudes, indicating a northeastward shift of the NWP subtropical high. The anticyclonic anomaly facilitates the formation of relatively stable atmospheric stratification or even an inversion layer in the lower level of the troposphere, and strengthens the horizontal southerly moisture transportation from the tropical-subtropical oceans to the fog-prone area. On the other hand, a greater meridional SST gradient over the cold flank of the Kuroshio Extension, due to ocean downwelling, is produced by the anticyclonic wind stress anomaly. Both of these two aspects are favorable for the warm and humid air to cool, condense, and form fog droplets, when air masses cross the SST front. The opposite circumstances occur in low PJ index years, which are not conducive to the formation of sea fog. Finally, a multi-model ensemble mean projection reveals a prominent downward trend of the PJ index after the 2030s, implying a possible decline of the SFF in this period.
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Atmos. Sci</stitle><addtitle>Advances in Atmospheric Sciences</addtitle><date>2016-04-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>511</spage><epage>521</epage><pages>511-521</pages><issn>0256-1530</issn><eissn>1861-9533</eissn><abstract>The northwestern Pacific (NWP) is a fog-prone area, especially the ocean east of the Kuril Islands. The present study analyzes how the Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern influences July sea fog in the fog-prone area using independent datasets. The covariation between the PJ index and sea fog frequency (SFF) index in July indicates a close correlation, with a coefficient of 0.62 exceeding the 99% confidence level. 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language eng
recordid cdi_wanfang_journals_dqkxjz_e201604010
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subjects Air masses
Atmospheric Sciences
Climate change
Climate variability
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Fog
Geophysics/Geodesy
Global warming
Meteorology
Ocean temperature
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Oceans
Teleconnections
Troposphere
全球变暖
年际变化
日本
海雾
热带海洋
西北太平洋
遥相关型
风应力异常
title Impact of the Pacific-Japan Teleconnection Pattern on July Sea Fog over the Northwestern Pacific: Interannual Variations and Global Warming Effect
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