Characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the Yellow Sea in summer

Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea (YS) and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of frontal up...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta oceanologica Sinica 2022-07, Vol.41 (7), p.84-96
Main Authors: Sun, Fan, Yu, Fei, Si, Guangcheng, Wang, Jianfeng, Xu, Anqi, Pan, Jun, Tang, Ying
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air temperature
Baroclinic mode
Baroclinity
Bottom temperature
Climatology
Cold
Distribution
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Ecology
Ekman pumping
Engineering Fluid Dynamics
Environmental Chemistry
Fronts
Geographical distribution
Hydrodynamic models
Hydrology
Investigations
Laboratories
Marine & Freshwater Sciences
Meridional wind
Nutrients
Ocean circulation
Ocean currents
Oceanography
R&D
Research & development
Science
Spring
Spring (season)
Summer
Three dimensional models
Topography
Upwelling
Wind
Wind speed
Winter
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Summary:Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea (YS) and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the YS. The results show that the strength and distribution of frontal upwelling are largely dependent on the topography and bottom temperature fronts. The frontal upwelling in the YS is stronger and narrower near the eastern coast than near the western coast due to the steeper shelf slope. Moreover, external forcings, such as the meridional wind speed and air temperature in summer and the air temperature in the preceding winter and spring, have certain influences on the strength of frontal upwelling. An increase in air temperature in the previous winter and spring weakens the frontal upwelling in summer; in contrast, an increase in air temperature in summer strengthens the frontal upwelling. When the southerly wind in summer increases, the upwelling intensifies in the western YS and weakens in the eastern YS. The air temperature influences the strength of upwelling by changing the baroclinicity in the frontal region. Furthermore, the meridional wind speed in summer affects frontal upwelling via Ekman pumping.
ISSN:0253-505X
1869-1099
DOI:10.1007/s13131-021-1967-z