Transport of cadmium from soil to grain in cereal crops: A review

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, many soils for crop production are contaminated by cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal highly toxic to many organisms. Cereal crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and barley are the primary dietary source of Cd for humans, and reducing Cd transfer from soil to t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pedosphere 2021-02, Vol.31 (1), p.3-10
Main Authors: MA, Jian Feng, SHEN, Ren Fang, SHAO, Ji Feng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accumulation
Agricultural pollution
Agricultural production
barley
Breeding
Cadmium
Cereal crops
Crop production
Crops
Diet
Food safety
gene knockout
gene overexpression
genotypic difference
Grain
Heavy metals
maize
Marker-assisted selection
Molecular modelling
Rice
Sediment pollution
Soil contamination
Soils
Translocation
transporter
Urbanization
wheat
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Summary:Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, many soils for crop production are contaminated by cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal highly toxic to many organisms. Cereal crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and barley are the primary dietary source of Cd for humans, and reducing Cd transfer from soil to their grains is therefore an important issue for food safety. During the last decade, great progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Cd transport, particularly in rice. Inter- and intraspecific variations in Cd accumulation have been observed in cereal crops. Transporters for Cd have been identified in rice and other cereal crops using genotypic differences in Cd accumulation and mutant approaches. These transporters belong to different transporter families and are involved in the uptake, vacuolar sequestration, root-to-shoot translocation, and distribution of Cd. Attempts have been made to reduce Cd accumulation in grains by manipulating these transporters through overexpression or knockout of the transporter genes, as well as through marker-assisted selection breeding based on genotypic differences in Cd accumulation in the grains. In this review, we describe recent progress on molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in cereal crops and compare different molecular strategies for minimizing Cd accumulation in grains.
ISSN:1002-0160
2210-5107
DOI:10.1016/S1002-0160(20)60015-7