A rational quantum state sharing protocol with semi-off-line dealer

A rational quantum state sharing protocol with the semi-off-line dealer is proposed. Firstly, the dealer Alice shares an arbitrary two-particle entangled state with the players by Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. The EPR pairs are prepared by Charlie...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chinese physics B 2022-04, Vol.31 (5), p.50309-186
Main Authors: Zhang, Hua-Li, Che, Bi-Chen, Dou, Zhao, Yang, Yu, Chen, Xiu-Bo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
game theory
Nash equilibrium
rational quantum state sharing
semi-off-line
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Summary:A rational quantum state sharing protocol with the semi-off-line dealer is proposed. Firstly, the dealer Alice shares an arbitrary two-particle entangled state with the players by Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. The EPR pairs are prepared by Charlie instead of the dealer, reducing the workload of the dealer. Secondly, all players have the same probability of reconstructing the quantum state, guaranteeing the fairness of the protocol. In addition, the dealer is semi-off-line, which considerably reduces the information exchanging between the dealer and the players. Finally, our protocol achieves security, fairness, correctness, and strict Nash equilibrium.
ISSN:1674-1056
DOI:10.1088/1674-1056/ac4e02